Preference for online social interactions among young people: Direct and indirect effects of emotional intelligence

The social skills model of generalized problematic internet use predicts that individuals who perceive themselves as having low social competencies are at risk to develop a preference for online social interactions (POSI), which, in turn, might lead to compulsive use of Internet communication services. The present study aims to investigate if self-reported emotional intelligence (EI)—interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities—has an effect on POSI levels, and if this effect is mediated by the subjective importance attached to the major controllability (RC) and reduced non-verbal cues (RNVC) of computer mediated communication. 192 high schools and college students were recruited. Results from structural equation modeling show that Intrapersonal EI predicts both RC and RNVC, which, in turn, predicts the level of POSI. A partial mediation effect was found. On the other hand, Interpersonal EI is significantly associated with POSI, but this association cannot be explained by RC and RNVC. Its effect on POSI seems to be either direct or explained by variables not considered in the present study.     

Differences in Sexual Behaviors and Teen Dating Violence among Black,Hispanic, and White Female Adolescents

We examined differences in sexual behaviors among White, Black, and Hispanic adolescent females exposed to dating or sexual violence (DSV) using the 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We also examined the interaction effect of exposure to DSV and race or ethnicity on sexual behaviors. Sexual behaviors were significantly associated with both race or ethnicity and DSV; DSV was a stronger predictor of sexual behaviors than race or ethnicity; and the effect of DSV on condom use was more pronounced among Hispanic adolescents, whereas the effect of DSV on birth control use was more pronounced among both Black and Hispanic adolescents. Adolescent health programs should simultaneously address DSV and sexual risk reduction, with particular emphasis on birth control and condom use among ethnic minority populations.     

Hoody,goody or buddy? How travel mode affects social perceptions in urban neighbourhoods

When travelling through a new environment people can and do make very quick judgements about the local conditions. This paper explores the idea that such judgements are affected by the travel mode they use. We hypothesise that drivers generate a more superficial impression of the things they observe than those who walk because they are exposed to less information. This prediction is based on social psychological research that demonstrates that information that becomes available in “thin slices” affects superficial judgements. A survey study (n = 644) demonstrated that perceptions of a less affluent area are indeed negatively related to more driving and positively related to more walking, but only for those who do not live there. Perceptions of a neighbouring affluent area are positively related to more driving. Two experimental studies (n = 245 and n = 91) demonstrated that explicit (but not implicit) attitudes towards a group of young people in an ambiguous social situation are more negative when they are viewed from the perspective of a car user in particular in relation to a pedestrian perspective. These findings suggest that mode use may affect communities by influencing social judgements.     

合理使用抗茵药物的伦理决策

中国是世界上滥用抗菌药物最为严重的国家之一,抗菌药物滥用会导致耐药菌株形成、不良反应发生、加重社会和患者经济负担三个主要问题。人类合理使用抗菌药物成为当今社会关注的热点问题,从临床角度阐述了合理使用抗茵药物中若干医学伦理问题,医疗政策、医院管理对抗菌药物合理使用影响的不可替代性;合理使用抗菌药物是良好医患关系的注释;合理使用抗菌药物是医患关系伦理要求。抗菌药物合理使用要求医生必须要有相应的伦理决策能力;抗菌药物合理使用要求医生要主动参与社会伦理讨论;抗菌药物合理使用是多方面共同努力的结果。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子预防肿瘤化疗后Ⅲ度以上骨髓抑制的疗效分析

探讨重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)对初诊晚期肿瘤患者化疗后骨髓抑制的合理预防用药时机.采用前瞻性随机方法,筛选首次化疗后出现Ⅲ度～Ⅳ度骨髓抑制的肿瘤患者,以化疗前24h内给予rhG-CSF的为预防治疗组;以化疗前未预防性给药为对照组,采用组间对照法,比较两组化疗后骨髓抑制的发生情况.结果发现两组的骨髓抑制发生率,预防组明显低于对照组,且Ⅲ度以上骨髓抑制发生率也明显降低.首次化疗后出现Ⅲ度～Ⅳ度骨髓抑制的肿瘤患者,下次化疗前24h内预防性给予rhG-CSF,能有效控制肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制的发生,降低感染的风险,值得推广.     

中国学生ETPSP误用现象及其与英语学习水平的关系

基于概念整合理论和范畴化原型理论,以对真实语料的统计分析结果为4P-据,探讨了中国英语学习者在1：2语表达过程中的英语单数第三人称代词（ETPSP）误用现象及其原因,结果表明：（1）中国大学生存在普遍的ETPSP误用现象,主要表现为主语he／she、宾语him／her和定语his／her三类间的误用,特别是主语he／she间的误用人数比例高达75％;（2）英语学习水平对ETPSP误用具有重要影响,且主要表现为低水平组对“she”产出的高错误率,主要原因是其对“he（she）”产出错误的认知实时监控能力缺乏。     

The Effects of Library User-Education Programmes on the Information-Seeking Behaviour of Brisbane College of Theology Students

ABSTRACT

An increasing proportion of students entering the Brisbane College of Theology (BCT) are adult learners and engaged in theological education for general academic purposes or personal enrichment. In meeting the needs of these students, the user-education programmes conducted by the BCT Libraries endeavour to address the Australian Information Literacy Standards.¹ The literature reveals that information literacy is learned through experience primarily shaped by both librarians and faculty. This case study, which uses an adaptation of Biggs' model of presage, process, and product, looks at the information search process from the perspective of one theological library. As a phenomenographic study, it examines the interconnected theories of students' experience, perception, approach, and learning outcomes in the information search process. It will be shown here that user-education programmes and mediation with the librarian significantly influence the information-seeking behaviour of students.     

Childhood Psychological Trauma and First‐Year College Students' Substance Dependence

First‐year college students (N= 143) completed the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory‐3 and a questionnaire about childhood traumatic experiences. As the number of traumatic experiences increases, so does the likelihood of substance use in college.     

Prevalence,Correlates and Perceptions Towards Cigarette Smoking Among Male and Female in School Adolescents (Aged 11–18 Years) in South Africa: Results from the 2008 GYTS Study

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of current cigarette use among 8,470 school-going adolescents (aged 11 to 18 years) in South Africa. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008 in South Africa within the framework of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 16.5%. Significantly more males (22.8%) than females (10.5%) were current smokers (p < .001). Cigarette smoking among boys and girls was positively associated with parental and/or peer smoking and greater risk perception, and among girls smoking attitudes variables (having more friends among girls, greater attractiveness of boys and weight change) and various higher exposure to smoking advertising and promotion activities were positively associated with cigarette smoking. However, antismoking advertising and community and family education were positively associated with current smoking, while only having school or community special groups or classes for students who want to stop smoking was protective of smoking. Cigarette smoking and other tobacco use is a significant public health problem in South Africa. Public health efforts aimed at preventing adolescent cigarette/tobacco use should incorporate knowledge on the associated factors related to smoking.     

Alcohol Use in Three Different Inner Cities in South Africa: AUDIT-C and CAGE

The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of risky drinking among a general urban population survey (n=1379) in South Africa with the help of (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) AUDIT-C scores, CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) scores and compare the scores with calculated risky drinking in terms of weekly alcohol consumption or heavy episodic drinking. Results indicate 44.4% for men and 25.4% for women as hazardous or harmful drinkers and using the CAGE 44.7% (55% among men and 35.5% among women). AUDIT-C and CAGE cases were more likely to be women than men and were also more likely among Coloureds and Whites than Black Africans and Indians or Asians. This study showed a greater sensitivity of AUDIT to CAGE.