老年人特殊生活事件的应对意向与情境性应对

该研究旨在对老年人合法权益受侵此类特殊生活事件的应对意向（ＣＩ）和情境性应对（ＳＣ）进行比较分析,多元因素分析结果鉴别出应对意向的五种方式及其三种基本类型,以及六种情境性应对方式和四种应对类型。研究也发现今老年人采用不同方式的ＣＩ和ＳＣ的旨弱程度存在的异同点。同时,多元回归分析结果表明,年龄、文化程度、经济状况和法规了解程度是影响ＣＩ和ＳＣ的显著因素,此外健康状况和性别也分别对ＣＩ和ＳＣ产生影响。     

Deconstructing the Doctrine of Double Effect

This paper examines the doctrine of double effect as it is typically applied. The difficulty of distinguishing between what we intend and what we foresee is highlighted. In particular, Warren Quinn's articulation of that distinction is examined and criticised. It is then proposed that the only credible way that we can be said to foresee that a harm will result and mean something other than that we intend it to result, is if we are not certain that that harm will result. The ramifications of this are explored. The paper concludes with a moral evaluation of a variety of cases that have harmful outcomes. It is recommended both that we abandon the doctrine of double effect and that we cease to describe cases with harmful outcomes in a dishonest way.     

刷屏的原理：在线内容的病毒式分享机制

通过社交网络发布优质在线内容以引发消费者的主动分享从而使该内容像病毒一样传播开来的营销方式被称为病毒式营销。在线内容的病毒式分享机制主要包括内容特征、心理动机、情绪反应、情境因素以及个体特征这五个方面, 可以为品牌和自媒体有效提高在线内容的分享转发率提供系统的理论指导。未来研究需要进一步探索某些具体情绪的作用机制, 识别出更多本土背景下的情境因素, 关注病毒式营销的效果评估和心理行为后果, 并采用更加多样化的研究方法。     

网络募捐中求助者的面部表情对捐助意愿的影响：有中介的调节模型

基于框架效应和共情–助人行为假说,以82名大学生为被试,通过实验探讨了网络募捐中求助者的面部表情对捐助意愿的影响,并考察了目标框架的调节作用以及共情的中介作用。结果表明：目标框架调节了求助者的面部表情对捐助者的共情和捐助意愿的影响。在积极框架下,消极面部表情对捐助者的共情和捐助意愿的积极影响显著高于积极面部表情;而在消极框架下,两种面部表情对捐助者的共情和捐助意愿的影响均无显著差异。研究还发现了有中介的调节作用模型,共情在求助者的面部表情对捐助意愿的影响中发挥中介作用,而目标框架是有中介的调节变量。     

Work and Individual Determinants of Intrinsic Work Motivation, Emotional Exhaustion, and Turnover Intention: A Multi-Sample Analysis

This study tested the influence of personal characteristics on a pattern of specific relationships between work characteristics and psychological outcomes. The study hypotheses were: (1) Growth Need Strength has a direct effect on intrinsic work motivation and moderates the relationship between task characteristics and intrinsic work motivation; (2) Negative Affectivity has a direct effect on emotional exhaustion and moderates the relationships between workload and social support on the one hand and emotional exhaustion on the other; and (3) Upward Striving has a direct effect on turnover intention and moderates the relationship between unmet career expectations and turnover intention. These hypotheses were tested in two samples (bank employees and teachers) using Multi-Sample Analysis. The results showed that, generally, personal characteristics had a direct effect on the outcomes as hypothesized. We only found one moderating effect: Upward Striving moderated the relationship between unmet career expectations and turnover intention.     

“心理阻抗”真的可以提升生育意愿吗？社会经济地位的调节作用

“恐生”这一话题受到广大网民的热议，针对该现象，国家出台了一系列鼓励生育政策，但我国的生育率依然持续下降，甚至面临“低生育率陷阱”的生育危机。为什么在国家出台“全面二胎”的鼓励生育政策之后，国民生育意愿却下降？本研究考察了生育年龄限制感对生育意愿的影响，以及社会经济地位在其中的边界条件。研究1通过两个子研究考察了生育年龄限制感与生育意愿的关系，其中研究1a对400名在职育龄个体进行问卷调查；研究1b对500名二孩育龄人群进行线上实验，启动被试二孩最佳生育年龄为40岁；研究2以100名硕士研究生为研究对象，使用实验操纵生育年龄限制感：最佳生育年龄为26岁（VS.对照组），并进一步探讨社会经济地位在生育年龄限制感与生育意愿之间的调节作用。结果发现：被试的实际年龄越接近自己认为的最佳生育年龄，其生育意愿越强烈；社会经济地位在生育年龄限制感和生育意愿间的调节作用显著。该研究丰富了心理学视角下生育意愿的文献，为提升育龄人群的生育意愿，提高我国的总和生育率、走出“低生育率陷阱”具有一定的理论价值与实践指导意义。     

Is recursion language-specific? Evidence of recursive mechanisms in the structure of intentional action

In their 2002 seminal paper Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch hypothesize that recursion is the only human-specific and language-specific mechanism of the faculty of language. While debate focused primarily on the meaning of recursion in the hypothesis and on the human-specific and syntax-specific character of recursion, the present work focuses on the claim that recursion is language-specific. We argue that there are recursive structures in the domain of motor intentionality by way of extending John R. Searle’s analysis of intentional action. We then discuss evidence from cognitive science and neuroscience supporting the claim that motor-intentional recursion is language-independent and suggest some explanatory hypotheses: (1) linguistic recursion is embodied in sensory-motor processing; (2) linguistic and motor-intentional recursions are distinct and mutually independent mechanisms. Finally, we propose some reflections about the epistemic status of HCF as presenting an empirically falsifiable hypothesis, and on the possibility of testing recursion in different cognitive domains.     

When implicit fails: Explicit but not implicit attitudes predict choices of decided and undecided voters

IntroductionA recent study (Friese et al., 2012) involving two major political elections in the US and Germany reported that voting behavior was better predicted by explicit than implicit attitudes for both decided and undecided voters and that when voting behavior was predicted by implicit attitudes, the prediction was better for decided than undecided voters.ObjectiveWe conducted a comparable study for the 2012 French presidential election using voter volatility as a measure of voter decidedness, in order to test the generalizability of the findings of Friese et al. (2012).MethodParticipants’ voting intention, explicit and implicit attitudes towards the candidates Sarkozy and Hollande were collected during the 2 weeks separating the two rounds of the election.ResultsOur findings confirm that explicit attitudes outperform implicit attitudes when predicting voting choice, but not that the relationship between implicit attitudes and voting intention is moderated by voter decidedness.ConclusionFurther research is needed in order to test whether the moderation of implicit attitudes by voter decidedness is a robust finding or not.     

分析思维对冲动购买意向影响的研究

采用三个研究探讨分析思维对冲动购买意向的影响。研究1以146名大学生为被试,采用分析思维任务和冲动购买意向问卷,考察分析思维与冲动购买意向的关系;研究2招募了65名大学生被试,研究3招募了62名大学生被试,分别通过视觉启动和组词任务启动两个范式探讨启动分析思维对冲动购买意向的影响。结果发现,分析思维与冲动购买意向显著负相关,无论是视觉还是组词启动分析思维都能减少冲动购买意向。     

基于目标导向行为模型的患者基层首诊决策机制研究

基于目标导向行为模型,采用结构方程模型方法探析患者基层首诊决策过程中的影响因素及其内在作用机制,从认知过程、情感过程、习惯过程和动机过程四方面剖析患者基层首诊行为意愿的形成机理。结果表明患者主观规范、行为态度、知觉行为控制以及正向预期情绪均正向显著影响患者基层首诊行为欲望,行为欲望和过去行为频率显著正向影响患者基层首诊行为意愿。建议强化患者基层首诊行为的价值与必要性,进一步改善患者基层就诊体验,增加患者基层首诊行为频率,激发患者基层首诊行为欲望。