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501.
Steven Friedman 《Mental health, religion & culture》2019,22(9):930-942
ABSTRACTOrthodox Jews are a distinct subgroup with specific beliefs and values towards sexuality, reproduction, modesty, and openness to mental health treatment. This paper reviews the treatment of 41 Orthodox Jewish couples who presented for sex therapy. Most couples were referred by a rabbinical leader. The most common presenting problem was an unconsummated relationship; present in 27 couples. In 34 couples the initial presenting complaint was a male sexual problem yet in 20 of 41 couples both partners described having some sexual problem. Almost 50 per cent of both men and women were also diagnosed with a comorbid psychiatric disorder, which was almost always previously undiagnosed. The most common presenting problems were vaginismus, male inhibited arousal, and/or inhibited male orgasm. Two case examples illustrate some adaptations to assessment and treatment that can be helpful in treating sexual problems in Orthodox Jewish couples. 相似文献
502.
Gender-dependent differentiation of the brain at morphological, neurochemical and functional levels of organization have been shown to be primarily controlled by sex differences in gonadal hormone concentrations during pre- and early postnatal development. Indeed, previous studies have reported that pre- and perinatal hormonal environments influence brain development and, consequently, affect sex specific long-term language outcomes.Herein, we investigated whether postnatal surges of estrogen (estradiol) and androgen (testosterone) may predict properties of pre-speech babbling at five months. This study is the first attempt to investigate a possible correlation between sex hormones and infants’ articulatory skills during the typical postnatal period of extended hormonal activity known as ‘mini-puberty.’ A hierarchical, multiple regression approach revealed a significant, robust positive relationship between 4-week concentrations of estradiol and individual articulatory skills. In contrast, testosterone concentrations at five months negatively correlated with articulatory skills at the same age in both boys and girls. Our findings reinforce the assumption of the importance of sex hormones for auditory–vocal development towards language in human infants. 相似文献
503.
504.
Separate literatures have demonstrated that mothers’ experiences with trauma during childhood or pregnancy are associated with maternal prenatal health risks, adverse childbirth outcomes, and offspring internalizing and externalizing disorders. These literatures largely align with the intergenerational transmission or fetal programming frameworks, respectively. However, few studies have tested the effects of maternal childhood and prenatal trauma simultaneously on mothers’ and infants’ health outcomes, and no studies have examined these effects on newborn neurobehavioral outcomes. Thus, in the present study, we examined how the developmental timing of pregnant women’s traumatic life experiences associated with their physical health and psychopathology (Aim 1) as well as their newborns’ birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes (Aim 2; for pre-registered aims and hypotheses, see https://osf.io/ygnre/?view_only=cbe17d0ac7f24af5a4d3e37e24eebead). One hundred and fifty-two 3rd trimester pregnant women (Mage = 29 years; 17.1% Hispanic/Latina) completed measures of trauma history and psychopathology. Then, 24–48 h after birth, trained clinicians conducted newborn neurobehavioral exams (n = 118 newborns; 52.6% female). Results indicated that lifetime traumatic experiences associated with multiple prenatal maternal health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and pregnancy complications. Pregnant women’s experiences with childhood trauma, but not adulthood or prenatal trauma, predicted higher neurobehavioral attention scores among female newborns. Our discussion highlights the importance of considering the developmental timing of maternal trauma on perinatal outcomes and contextualizes our findings within the intergenerational transmission and fetal programming literatures.Data AvailabilityData pertaining to R01MH119070 (MPIs Crowell & Conradt) and that support these findings are uploaded to the NIMH repository. 相似文献
505.
Cynthia Pury 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(1):149-158
Current theories suggest low positive affect (PA) should be associated with negative encoding of ambiguous information. However, recent findings (Lawson & MacLeod, 1999) paradoxically suggest that low positive affect may lead to less negative encoding. One possibility is that low positive affect is associated with less emotionally extreme encoding rather than less negative encoding. Undergraduates (22 Low PA, 23 High PA) read potentially negative and potentially positive ambiguous sentences followed by a word related to an emotional or a non‐emotional interpretation of the sentence, or by an unrelated word. Low PA participants demonstrated greater priming for neural interpretations, while High PA participations showed the opposite pattern. There was no interaction with valence, suggesting low positive affect may be related to encoding ambiguity as less emotionally extreme. 相似文献
506.
In a series of three experiments, we use children’s noun learning as a probe into their syntactic knowledge as well as their ability to deploy this knowledge, investigating how the predictions children make about upcoming syntactic structure change as their knowledge changes. In the first two experiments, we show that children display a developmental change in their ability to use a noun’s syntactic environment as a cue to its meaning. We argue that this pattern arises from children’s reliance on their knowledge of verbs’ subcategorization frame frequencies to guide parsing, coupled with an inability to revise incremental parsing decisions. We show that this analysis is consistent with the syntactic distributions in child-directed speech. In the third experiment, we show that the change arises from predictions based on verbs’ subcategorization frame frequencies. 相似文献