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881.
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the extent to which the parent-child relationship, as perceived by young adolescents at age 13, may account for the use of various types of safety equipment at age 13 and 14 in terms of seat belts, bicycle helmets, motorcycle helmets when passenger, reflectors on the clothing when outside in the dark, and lifejackets when on board small boats. Parental influence was assessed in terms of three scales: Parental support, parental monitoring of the youngsters, and opposition towards the parents, with satisfactory internal consistencies (alphas >0.78). The results showed that each of the three constructs significantly accounted for an independent portion of the variance in the use of safety equipment measures. In sum they accounted for 20% of the variance in the use of safety equipment at age 13, and about 10% at age 14. The findings are discussed with regard to the implications for accident prevention measures aimed at young people. 相似文献
882.
Eric J. Bruns B.A. John D. Burchard Ph.D. James T. Yoe Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1995,4(3):321-339
Evaluation of innovative community-based interventions is becoming a high priority for child and adolescent mental health service system research. The present study examined outcomes for a sample of Vermont children (N=27) experiencing emotional and behavioral problems and receiving individualized, wraparound services. One year after initiation of wraparound care, incidence of negative behaviors rated as placing a child at risk of removal from the community had decreased significantly, compliance behavior had increased, and a significant decline in Total Problem Behavior scores on the Child Behavior Checklist was observed. In addition, though 70% of the participants had previously required inpatient or residential treatment, 89% were maintained in the community after one year of services, and the total cost of services was less than that of out-of-state residential care. Although further comparative research is needed, this study suggests that for many of these children, wraparound services may be a more efficient intervention than long-term psychiatric hospitalization or residential treatment. 相似文献
883.
Jostein Rise 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》1992,2(3):185-197
The decision whether or not to use condoms was studied among Norwegian adolescents using the theory of reasoned action (TRA). The empirical data stem from a survey of a random sample of 3000 adolescents aged 17–19 (response rate 60.9 per cent). A total of 1172 persons had made their sexual debuts, and thus constituted the material of this paper. TRA is an expectancy-value model of attitude for understanding and changing a behaviour, and views condom behaviour as a decision based upon consideration of the expected consequences of using or not using condoms. The decision whether or not to use a condom was primarily under normative control, and immediate consequences were more important than long-term consequences, indicating that persuasive communications should pay more attention to social pressure and psychological costs. Most of the effect of prior behaviour upon intention was not mediated by attitudes and subjective norm, and by far exceeded the effects of attitudes and subjective norm, raising doubts of the generality of the model. The possible inclusion of a measure of perceived behavioural control is discussed. 相似文献
884.
Patricia Long Ph.D. Rex Forehand Ph.D. Michelle Wierson Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1992,1(4):329-339
The purpose of this study was to examine the family environment and school functioning of adolescents who differed on level of internalizing problems as reported by the adolescent and her/his mother. Thirty-six adolescents, their mothers, and their social studies teacher served as participants. Three groups were formed based on the report of level of internalizing problems: high mother and adolescent report (high concordant); low mother/high adolescent report (discordant); and low mother/low adolescent report (low concordant). The results indicated that the high concordant group, but not the discordant group, differed significantly from the low discordant group in that adolescents from the former group were from home environments with more difficulties (more interparental conflict, maternal depression, & maternal anxiety) and had more internalizing problems and lower grades in school. The results point to the importance of parent-report data when clinically assessing adolescents or conducting research on internalizing problems of adolescents. 相似文献
885.
Jill C. Taylor Ph.D. Jenifer L. McKelvey B.A. Lori A. Sisson Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1993,3(4):363-386
We evaluated the effectiveness of a training package used to teach student-selected community-referenced leisure skill clusters — ordering a pizza-to-go and renting a video from a local vendor — to two adolescents with multiple disabilities. The adolescents were taught the leisure skills (e.g., ordering the pizza) as well as related behaviors necessary to perform those leisure skills (e.g., using a phone, interacting with the delivery person, cutting and serving pizza, cleaning up). The students were taught functional skill clusters, problem-solving skills, and assistance-seeking skills. Training consisted of didactic instruction, feedback, a least intrusive prompting procedure for incorrect responses, and verbal praise and natural consequences for correct responses. Simulation training was conducted at school and in vivotraining was conducted in the local community. A multiple baseline design demonstrated the controlling effects of treatment. Also, follow-up probes conducted up to five months after treatment showed these students maintained treatment gains. Applied issues related to the efficiency of the training package, general and specific skills training, and factors influencing skill maintenance are discussed. 相似文献
886.
HENRIK AAS 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1993,34(2):107-118
An adaptation of a Norwegian modified short version of Christiansen & Goldman's Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire for Adolescents (AEQ-A) was examined in this survey. Subjects were 924 Norwegian seventh graders, with an average age of 13.3 years. From the original 90 items, 27 items representing all seven original scales were used in this study. Factor analysis did not create any preferred new factor solution compared to Christiansen & Goldman's original factors. Internal consistency of the seven AEQ-A scales ranged from 0.37 to 0.72 on Cronbach's alpha. All seven AEQ-A scales correlated significantly with self-reported alcohol use as was expected, and this study also replicated the relative importance of the social enhancement scale. This was the first study using AEQ-A in a non-English-speaking culture. The generalizability of alcohol outcome expectancies was strongly supported.
The present study indicates that the Norwegian version of AEQ-A possesses a level of concurrent validity and internal reliability that is acceptable compared to the original scales, and can serve as a useful instrument in behavioral research on alcohol use among Norwegian adolescents in the years to come. 相似文献
The present study indicates that the Norwegian version of AEQ-A possesses a level of concurrent validity and internal reliability that is acceptable compared to the original scales, and can serve as a useful instrument in behavioral research on alcohol use among Norwegian adolescents in the years to come. 相似文献
887.
Loretta A. Serna Jean B. Schumaker James A. Sherman Jan B. Sheldon 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(4):733-746
The effects of a three-phase family communication program were evaluated. In the skill-teaching phase, family members were taught reciprocal social communication skills in a clinic setting. During the skill-review phase, each family member practiced the skills in their homes with the teacher. During the home-based family conference phase, each family was taught to use a structured format to resolve current family issues using their newly acquired skills. In-home parent-youth interactions were observed during a series of 1-hr sessions that involved directed and nondirected situations. Evaluation included a multiple baseline design across skills during the skill-teaching phase and a multiple baseline design across families for the family conference phase. Although the procedures of the skill-teaching phase resulted in parent-adolescent dyads learning to use the skills in the teaching setting, competent use of the skills in the home was not observed until the family conference phase was implemented. These results suggest the importance of home-based intervention if changes are to be obtained at home. 相似文献
888.
A questionnaire survey was carried out among 898 Norwegian adolescents age twelve to twenty. The study focused on the relation between adolescents' alcohol use on one side and estimated drinking norms (peers' drinking) together with attributed opinion norms (parents' and friends' acceptance of adolescents' alcohol use) on the other. On average, 5% of students in 7th, 8th, and 9th grade reported weekly alcohol use. They overestimated the number of fellow students using alcohol every week seven-fold. Students' estimates were significantly related to self-reported alcohol use. Even in high-school (10th, 11th and 12th grade) where 29% reported weekly alcohol use, students overestimated number of weekly drinkers among friends and fellow students by two-fold. Contrary to the results from a previous study conducted in Norway, in this study opinions attributed to both friends and parents about adolescents' alcohol use were significantly related to the students' own alcohol use. Estimated behavior norms and attributed opinion norms explained 46% of the observed variance in students' self-reported frequency of drinking. In a health promotion context, these results point to the importance of correcting student misconceptions about how often friends and fellow students drink alcohol. 相似文献
889.
Assessing the Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in an Ethnically Diverse Group of Adolescents 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Stephen Mayville Roger C. Katz Martin T. Gipson Keri Cabral 《Journal of child and family studies》1999,8(3):357-362
We investigated the prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 566) using the Body Image Rating Scale, a brief self-report measure for assessing body dissatisfaction. Results showed that adolescent girls were more dissatisfied with their bodies than adolescent boys, and that African-Americans of both genders were less dissatisfied with their bodies than Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics. The interaction between gender and ethnicity was not significant. We found an overall prevalence for BDD of 2.2%. Although these are the first data on the prevalence of BDD in an ethnically diverse group of adolescents, they are consistent with the other study on the prevalence of BDD in a predominantly Caucasian group of college students. 相似文献
890.
John B. Jemmott III Loretta Sweet Jemmott Geoffrey T. Fong Konstance McCaffree 《American journal of community psychology》1999,27(2):161-187
This randomized controlled trial tested the effects of a theory-based culture-sensitive HIV risk-reduction intervention among
496 inner-city African American adolescents (mean age = 13 years) and examined the generality of its effects as a function
of the facilitator's race and gender and the gender composition of the intervention group. Adolescents who received the HIV
risk-reduction intervention expressed more favorable behavioral beliefs about condoms, greater self-efficacy, and stronger
condom-use intentions postintervention than did those who received a control intervention on other health issues. Six-month
follow-up data collected on 93% of the adolescents revealed that those who received the HIV risk-reduction intervention reported
less HIV risk-associated sexual behavior, including unprotected coitus, than did their counterparts in the control condition.
Self-reported sexual behavior and changes in self-reported behavior were unrelated to scores on a standard measure of social
desirability response bias. There was strong evidence for the generality of intervention effects. Moderator analyses testing
eight specific interaction hypotheses and correlational analyses indicated that the effects of the HIV risk-reduction intervention
did not vary as a function of the facilitator's race or gender, participant's gender, or the gender composition of the intervention
group.
This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD24921),
the National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH45668), and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The
authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions to this research of Margaret Bleier, Daria Boccher-Lattimore, Nancy L. Moore,
Tatiana Perrino, Paul Pintella, and Fran Rosenfeld and the helpful suggestions of Isabel Fernandez, Caryn Lerman, and Ann
O'Leary regarding an earlier version of this article. 相似文献