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131.
J. L. Dowell 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):19-46
Frank Jackson has argued that only if we have a priori knowledge of the extension-fixers for many of our terms can we vindicate
the methodological practice of relying on intuitions to decide between philosophical theories. While there has been much discussion
of Jackson’s claim that we have such knowledge, there has been comparatively little discussion of this most powerful argument
for that claim. Here I defend an alternative explanation of our intuitions about possible cases, one that does not rely on
a priori extension-fixers. This alternative explanation provides a vindication of our reliance on intuitions, while blocking
Jackson’s abductive argument for a priori semantic knowledge. In brief, I argue that we should regard our armchair intuitions
as providing an important, a priori source of evidence for hypotheses about the contents of our implicit referential policies
with regard to our terms. But all such hypotheses have a potential falsifier that is only discoverable empirically. In other
words, gold-standard evidence for such hypotheses is always empirical.
相似文献
J. L. DowellEmail: |
132.
Mark Colyvan 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(1):115-123
In this paper I present an argument for belief in inconsistent objects. The argument relies on a particular, plausible version of scientific realism, and the fact that often our best scientific theories are inconsistent. It is not clear what to make of this argument. Is it a reductio of the version of scientific realism under consideration? If it is, what are the alternatives? Should we just accept the conclusion? I will argue (rather tentatively and suitably qualified) for a positive answer to the last question: there are times when it is legitimate to believe in inconsistent objects. 相似文献
133.
问诊作为临床诊断的开始和方法,具有促进医患良性沟通、明确诊断、减少医疗纠纷和贯彻新医学模式的重要价值。问诊过程中,医生除了注重其技术性和程序性内容以外,更要坚持哲学的普遍联系、辨证发展、病人个体差异和巧用过渡性语言等思维方法。 相似文献
134.
临床方法依然是神经内科医师最重要的诊断法宝 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过7例疑难、危重患者的诊治过程说明临床方法的重要性,在神经科疾病研究中尤为突出。忽视细致的病史采集和体查,常导致了诊疗的失误;面对种目繁多的检查,更需要以临床方法选择之;临床逻辑思维能力非常重要,正确的临床思维出新知。在实验室检查方法越来越多的今天,临床方法是神经内科医师最重要、方便、快捷、有效的诊断法宝,具有不可替代性。 相似文献
135.
Malhar N. Kumar 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(3):211-228
Biomedical research has increased in magnitude over the last two decades. Increasing number of researchers has led to increase
in competition for scarce resources. Researchers have often tried to take the shortest route to success which may involve
performing fraudulent research. Science suffers from unethical research as much time, effort and cost is involved in exposing
fraud and setting the standards right. It is better for all students of science to be aware of the methods used in fraudulent
research so that such research can be detected early. Biomedical research is one area that seems to have attracted maximum
numbers of fraudulent researchers; hence this article devotes itself to biomedical research scenario. 相似文献
136.
通过分析目前肺癌患者5年生存率徘徊在10%,这一现实问题,可以得到一些重要启示和思考。今后肺癌治疗发展方向将是完善个体化、多学科早期综合治疗模式;利用基因芯片技术开展肺癌早期诊断,对肺癌高危人群开展大规模普查;开展靶向性、高效低毒、抗耐药性的肺癌治疗药物研究,进行肺癌逆转的分子干预治疗和分子阻断治疗,要用早期综合地手段诊疗肺癌。 相似文献
137.
MARGOT WADDELL 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2006,87(4):1103-1120
The author draws attention to something distinctive in the psychoanalytic 'air' from the early 1960s onwards: the strong emphasis upon the very early psychological, emotional and cognitive view of infants and young children. She focuses on the work of two analysts in particular, Esther Bick and Wilfred Bion, and the comparable, though differently expressed, centrality of the observational method in their work. Each explored not only the pathological picture but also the nature and integrative function of psychic containment in earliest mental life. Each also shared a preoccupation with what constituted a psychoanalytic attitude and with the process of becoming a psychoanalyst and, in Bick's case, a child analyst or psychotherapist. The author provides an historical background to the idea of observation, followed by an account, with detailed examples, of the nature of infant observation and the observational method as taught and practised at the Tavistock Clinic, London since the late 1940s, and subsequently in many other training institutions. Here the themes of Bick and Bion are constantly interrelated such that the prototype or model for the creation of emotional meaning and thought can be appreciated and learning from experience can take place. 相似文献
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