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211.
人类心身问题的研究一直是科学界关注的热点。近年来,国外学者将神经科学与哲学研究统一起来,集合两门学科的研究方法、综合双方的研究成果,以此来共同推进人类心身问题的研究,因此诞生了一门介于神经科学和哲学之间的独立学科,它有着学科交叉的研究领域和特殊的跨学科研究方法,这门学科就是神经哲学。 相似文献
212.
PHILIP ROSE 《Metaphilosophy》2007,38(5):632-653
Abstract: A close examination of the relation between philosophy and myth reveals important functional parallels in some of their basic means of operation that helps shed some light on philosophy's overall task. A crucial aspect of the structural similarity between philosophy and myth is the generation of what Hans Blumenberg calls “significance.” I argue that the preservation and enhancement of significance (through a strong affinity to myth) is an essential and overlooked aspect of philosophy's task, one best accomplished through the world‐orienting work of speculative philosophy. By weaving the fragmented insights, criticisms, lessons, and methods of the more “specialized” analytic, pragmatic, critical, postmodern, deconstructivist, and other methods of thought together in a systematic way, speculative philosophy may be able to provide us with the kind of world orientation needed for developing a healthier, richer, more profound understanding of ourselves and our proper place within the world. 相似文献
213.
叶峰 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):454-470
The Kripkean metaphysical modality (i.e. possibility and necessity) is one of the most important concepts in contemporary
analytic philosophy and is the basis of many metaphysical speculations. These metaphysical speculations frequently commit
to entities that do not belong to this physical universe, such as merely possible entities, abstract entities, mental entities
or qualities not realizable by the physical, which seems to contradict naturalism or physicalism. This paper proposes a naturalistic
interpretation of the Kripkean modality, as a naturalist’s response to these metaphysical speculations. It will show that
naturalism can accommodate the Kripkean metaphysical modality. In particular, it will show that naturalism can help to resolve
the puzzles surrounding Kripke’s a posteriori necessary propositions and a priori contingent propositions.
__________
Translated from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2008, (1): 18–26 相似文献
214.
by Patrick A. Heelan 《Zygon》2009,44(2):467-486
Two hundred years ago, Friedrich Schleiermacher took critical issue with Immanuel Kant's intellectual notion of intuition as applied to human nature (Wellmon 2006). He found it necessary to modify—"hermeneutically," as he said—Kant's notion of anthropology by enabling it to include as human the new and strange human tribes Captain Cook found in the Pacific South Seas. A similar hermeneutic move is necessary if physics is to include the local contextual empirical syntheses of relativity and quantum physics. In this hermeneutical revision the synthesis is formed around the notion of a Hilbert Vector Space as the universal grammar of physics, adding to it the dynamic of the Schrödinger equation, and representing empirical "observables" by projection operators that map the subspaces of definite measurable values. Among the set of observable projection operators, some pairs share the same subspace, commute with one another, and share a common laboratory setting. Other pairs do not share this property and are described as being mutually complementary. Complementary symmetries introduce into the discursive language of physics the commonsense notion of contextuality. The new synthesis, proposed by Eugene Wigner, John von Neumann, and (in his own way) Paul Dirac, brought physics into the community of common language and established it as a work of general human achievement. 1 相似文献
215.
Romanas Plečkaitis 《Studies in East European Thought》2009,61(1):3-13
The first Lithuanians to be introduced to philosophy were young members of the gentry who studied in European universities
at the end of the 14th century. The recently christened Lithuania strove to adopt Western culture and to present itself as
a Western state. At the end of the 14th century, the Vilnius Cathedral School was founded. The elements of logic were probably
taught there. The growth of the political and economic power of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania brought about the need for higher
education. The need was significantly increased by the growing activity of various religious orders. In 1507, the Dominicans
started teaching philosophy and theology to their novices in Vilnius. They taught late medieval philosophy in its Thomistic
interpretation. We can regard 1507 as the year Lithuania began to benefit from a new phenomenon, professional philosophy,
with the Dominicans as its initiators. The Dominicans and later the Jesuits, Franciscans, Benedictines, Carmelites, Trinitarians,
and other monastic orders enriched intellectual life in Lithuania by teaching philosophy in their schools. The most important
event in the development of philosophy in Lithuania was the foundation of Vilnius University in 1579. The disciplines belonging
to scholasticism of the second level were taught in its philosophy department.
相似文献
Romanas PlečkaitisEmail: |
216.
马景鑑 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2009,30(2):1-2,5
应该注重培训年轻医生在临床中学会应用哲学思想和思维方式,真正认识事物的本质。这对于诊断、治疗、科研、创新有事半功倍的作用,可避免片面性、盲目性,减少医源性偏差与失误,提高治愈率和生活质量。一般通过三种思维方式即理论、工程及评价思维思考疾病,如蛛网膜下腔出血的病因、临床特点、检查方法、诊疗思路、预后和转归,最终达到预期的疗效。 相似文献
217.
牙源性角化囊性瘤原称牙源性角化囊肿,因其生长缺乏自限性,具有某些肿瘤的特征,术后有较高复发倾向,WHO将其归属为良性牙源性肿瘤,并命名为牙源性角化囊性瘤。其治疗方法主要有保守性和根治性两种,医师应严格掌握两种治疗方法的适应证和禁忌证,以更大的责任心给予牙源性角化囊肿患者最好的治疗和更多的人文关爱。 相似文献
218.
疾病的哲学思考——坦然和平静地对待疾病 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
面对人类无法改变与疾病共存的命运,本文从健康与疾病的关系、疾病的原因、疾病的话语、对待疾病的态度和利用疾病的契机五个方面来进行哲学追问和反思。以期使我们通过倾听身体的语言,来坦然、自然和平静地对待疾病;利用疾病的契机,获得身心的成长,使人类的生命在亘古的绵延中永远充盈着盎然的生机。 相似文献
219.
Richard Joyce 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(1):53-75
Different versions of moral projectivism are delineated: minimal, metaphysical, nihilistic, and noncognitivist. Minimal projectivism (the focus of this paper) is the conjunction of two subtheses: (1) that we experience morality as an objective aspect of the world and (2) that this experience has its origin in an affective attitude (e.g., an emotion) rather than in perceptual faculties. Both are empirical claims and must be tested as such. This paper does not offer ideas on any specific test procedures, but rather undertakes the important preliminary task of clarifying the content of these subtheses (e.g., what is meant by “objective”? what is meant by “experience”?). Finally, attention is given to the relation between (a) acknowledging that the projectivist account might be true of a token moral judgment and (b) maintaining moral projectivism to be true as a general thesis. 相似文献
220.
Dan Haybron 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2007,8(1):99-138
Life satisfaction is widely considered to be a central aspect of human welfare. Many have identified happiness with it, and
some maintain that well-being consists largely or wholly in being satisfied with one’s life. Empirical research on well-being
relies heavily on life satisfaction studies. The paper contends that life satisfaction attitudes are less important, and matter
for different reasons, than is widely believed.] For such attitudes are appropriately governed by ethical norms and are perspectival
in ways that make the relationship between life satisfaction and welfare far more convoluted than we tend to expect. And the
common identification of life satisfaction with happiness, as well as widespread views about the centrality of life satisfaction
for well-being, are problematical at best. The argument also reveals an unexpected way in which philosophical ethics can inform
scientific psychology: specifically, ethical reflection can help explain empirical results insofar as they depend on people’s
values. 相似文献