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501.
ObjectivesQualitative research on physically active mothers has shown that recreational sport may allow women to resist good mother ideals that often constrain exercise. The purpose of this study was to extend this understanding in a socio-cultural context by examining how recreational athlete mother identities were constructed within one form of new media - blogging.DesignA qualitative approach grounded in discursive psychology was used to theorize athlete mother identities as subject positions constructed within particular discourses circulated within a blog.MethodCritical discourse analysis of 30 stories and 177 reader comments from the North American online running community Another Mother Runner, was conducted. Visual data analysis of 102 images accompanying stories also contextualized the textual meanings of discourses and subject positions.ResultsTwo primary discourses were identified: discourse of transformation and empowerment and a discourse of disruption and resolution. Subject positions constructed within these two intersecting discourses were role mother/advocate and resilient mother runner.ConclusionsThis study extends discursive psychology literature in sport and exercise psychology as well as media work on athlete mother identities within sport psychology into the realm of the internet and identity construction. 相似文献
502.
Against the background of the embodied cognition approach this experiment investigated the influence of motor expertise on object-based vs. egocentric transformations in a chronometric mental rotation (MR) task using images of either the own or another person’s body as stimulus material. The present study aimed to clarify two issues: (1) whether stimulus size (life size vs. small) is able to induce embodiment effects and (2) which role self-awareness processes play when using stimuli of the own body. The same design was conducted twice using both small stimuli (Study 1) and life-size human figures (Study 2). Using life-sized figures in Study 2 resulted in an explicit advantage of self-related stimuli and improved performance for motor experts compared to non-motor experts in both object-based and egocentric transformations. In conclusion, these results suggest that life-sized figures do indeed induce stronger embodiment effects in MR. 相似文献
503.
504.
The purpose of this brief review is to prepare readers who may be unfamiliar with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and the rapidly accumulating changes in the epidemic by providing an introduction to HIV disease
and its treatment. The general concepts presented here will facilitate understanding of the papers in this issue on HIV-associated
neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Toward that end, we briefly review the biology of HIV and how it causes disease in its human
host, its epidemiology, and how antiretroviral treatments are targeted to interfere with the molecular biology that allows
the virus to reproduce. Finally, we describe what is known about how HIV injures the nervous system, leading to HAND, and
discuss potential strategies for preventing or treating the effects of HIV on the nervous system. 相似文献
505.
Self‐injurious behavior (SIB) that occurs at high rates across all conditions of a functional analysis can suggest automatic or multiple functions. In the current study, we conducted a functional analysis for 1 individual with SIB. Results indicated that SIB was, at least in part, maintained by automatic reinforcement. Further analyses using protective equipment (i.e., a helmet with face shield) revealed an attention function for the SIB. 相似文献
506.
Dr. SUE OUTRAM VIBEKE HANSEN GAIL MACDONELL JILL DEIDRE COCKBURN JON ADAMS 《Australian psychologist》2009,44(2):128-135
Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans is well documented, less so the long‐term impact on the health of their partners and families. The perceived health and wellbeing of women partners of Australian Vietnam veterans who were members of partners of veterans support groups is reported. This qualitative study used data from 76 participants in 10 focus groups in metropolitan, regional, and rural and remote areas of New South Wales (NSW). The data were tape‐recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using constant comparison methods. The impact of living with a partner with war‐related PTSD appears to be significant and ongoing with women drawing parallels to living in a war zone. The biggest negative impact was on their mental health. They felt burdened as carers and struggled to find explanations for their husbands' problems. Support groups were very helpful. There are implications for partners of veterans who have returned from active military duty and from peacekeeping in current conflicts. 相似文献
507.
Ethics and Nanotechnology: Views of Nanotechnology Researchers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert McGinn 《Nanoethics》2008,2(2):101-131
A study was conducted of nanotechnology (NT) researchers’ views about ethics in relation to their work. By means of a purpose-built
questionnaire, made available on the Internet, the study probed NT researchers’ general attitudes toward and beliefs about
ethics in relation to NT, as well as their views about specific NT-related ethical issues. The questionnaire attracted 1,037
respondents from 13 U.S. university-based NT research facilities. Responses to key questionnaire items are summarized and
noteworthy findings presented. For most respondents, the ethical responsibilities of NT researchers are not limited to those
related to safety and integrity in the laboratory. Most believe that NT researchers also have specific ethical responsibilities
to the society in which their research is done and likely to be applied. NT appears to be one of the first areas of contemporary
technoscientific activity in which a long-standing belief is being seriously challenged: the belief that society is solely
responsible for what happens when a researcher’s work, viewed as neutral and merely enabling, is applied in a particular social
context. Survey data reveal that most respondents strongly disagree with that paradigmatic belief. Finally, an index gauging
NT researcher sensitivity to ethics and ethical issues related to NT was constructed. A substantial majority of respondents
exhibited medium or high levels of sensitivity to ethics in relation to NT. Although most respondents view themselves as not
particularly well informed about ethics in relation to NT, a substantial majority are aware of and receptive to ethical issues
related to their work, and believe that these issues merit consideration by society and study by current and future NT practitioners.
相似文献
Robert McGinnEmail: |
508.
An ABA'B design was used to evaluate the effects of choice on task engagement for 3 adults who had been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury. A yoked-control condition, in which tasks that were selected by each participant were assigned subsequently to that participant by a trainer, was implemented to help distinguish between the effects of task preference and choice. The results for all 3 participants indicated that permitting individuals to choose from a list of tasks increased on-task behavior. 相似文献
509.
Bauer LO 《Brain and cognition》2008,67(1):103-114
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of HIV/AIDS on cognitive control and to determine if the effect is modified by familial risk for either alcohol or mood disorders. Sixty HIV-1 seropositive and 75 seronegative volunteers were assigned to four subgroups defined by the crossing of a diagnosis of alcohol dependence in the biological father with diagnoses of either major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder in the biological mother. Cognitive control was evaluated during a task in which subjects were asked, on occasion, to inhibit the impulse to respond in the same physical direction as the stimulus and instead respond in the opposite direction. Event related brain potentials and measures of task performance were recorded. The task evoked a negative shift in a late slow potential (SP) as well as an increment in reaction time when cognitive control was challenged. An important finding was an interaction between trial type, HIV/AIDS, and family history: HIV/AIDS and family history each attenuated the negative shift in the SP to such a degree that no further attenuation could be accomplished by the other. The effects of familial risk for alcohol versus mood disorders were equivalent. In conclusion, the absence of change in a late slow potential following a challenge to cognitive control may represent a marker of familial risk for both externalizing and internalizing disorders. The effects of familial risk on this slow potential are sufficiently robust as to attenuate the effects of HIV/AIDS on the probable generators of the response: the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex. 相似文献
510.
Brian J. Albanese Richard J. Macatee Lauren A. Stentz Norman B. Schmidt 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2019,48(1):77-88
Growing research links Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) with greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Much of this research has focused on the influence of the presence or severity of a single TBI while neglecting the potential cumulative effects of multiple TBIs incurred across an individual’s lifetime on combat-related PTSD. The present study addressed this gap using a sample of 157 military service members and 4 civilian contractors who underwent structured TBI interviews at a military hospital in Iraq and completed the Combat Experiences Scale (CES) and Posttraumatic Checklist – Military (PCL-M). Results indicated that a greater number of lifetime TBIs were associated with greater PTSD symptoms when accounting for the presence and severity of a recent, deployment-related TBI. Additionally, a significant interaction of number of lifetime TBIs and combat exposure emerged, indicating that exposure to combat yielded greater PTSD symptoms among those with multiple lifetime TBIs compared to those with one or zero lifetime TBIs. These data suggest that incurring multiple TBIs may amplify the link between combat exposure and PTSD and underscore the need to screen for lifetime TBI history. 相似文献