原发性甲亢合并严重肝损伤患者的循证治疗

为原发性甲亢合并严重肝损伤患者制定循证治疗方案。根据PICO原则,提出临床问题并转换成便于检索的形式,检索美国国家指南交换中心（NGC）、Cochrane图书馆（2010年第3期）、PubMed（1995-2010．11）和维普数据库（CHKD,1995～2010．11）。根据检索结果,制定治疗方法,2月后患者肝功能、...     

体外循环所致炎性肺损伤机制及保护进展

肺损伤是体外循环心内直视手术的主要并发症之一。肺损伤的机制十分复杂,主要是全身炎性反应和缺血/再灌注损伤所致。肺保护的方法多种多样,其目的是降低全身炎性反应,减轻或避免缺血/再灌注损伤。本文探讨体外循环肺损伤的机制和保护进展。     

脾虚与胃黏膜损伤相关性的理论探讨

本文就脾虚与胃黏膜损伤的相关性从中医发病学、病机关联观、证型归纳属性及治法归类等4个方面,进行了理论探讨。认为中医脾虚的病理状态为胃黏膜损伤提供了客观条件,而胃黏膜损伤因素则又易加重脾虚证候,二者间存在着互为因果的相关关系。其观点为构建“从脾虚论治”胃黏膜损伤性疾病的治则观提供了理论基础。     

中药及其提取物防治血管内皮细胞损伤的研究概况

血管内皮细胞衬覆于血管内膜表面,不仅是血液与血管壁之间的屏障,更是重要的内分泌和效应器官,内皮细胞损伤和功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化发生的启动步骤。近年来的研究表明,中药及其提取物对血管内皮细胞具有保护作用,因此对防治动脉粥样硬化相关疾病有重要的意义。     

Walking dreams in congenital and acquired paraplegia

To test if dreams contain remote or never-experienced motor skills, we collected during 6 weeks dream reports from 15 paraplegics and 15 healthy subjects. In 9/10 subjects with spinal cord injury and in 5/5 with congenital paraplegia, voluntary leg movements were reported during dream, including feelings of walking (46%), running (8.6%), dancing (8%), standing up (6.3%), bicycling (6.3%), and practicing sports (skiing, playing basketball, swimming). Paraplegia patients experienced walking dreams (38.2%) just as often as controls (28.7%). There was no correlation between the frequency of walking dreams and the duration of paraplegia. In contrast, patients were rarely paraplegic in dreams. Subjects who had never walked or stopped walking 4–64 years prior to this study still experience walking in their dreams, suggesting that a cerebral walking program, either genetic or more probably developed via mirror neurons (activated when observing others performing an action) is reactivated during sleep.     

Psychological wellbeing of Turkish university students with physical impairments: an evaluation within the stress-vulnerability paradigm

Generally, universities in developing countries offer little in the way of provisions and support (material, emotional, etc.) for disabled students. Therefore, disabled students experience considerable burdens and barriers in their educational life. This study investigated the psychological wellbeing of disabled Turkish university students by examining influences on stress-related growth and psychological distress. Disability is defined within the framework of a social model. According to this view, impairment refers to the functional limitation(s) that affect(s) a person's body, whereas disability refers to the loss or limitation of opportunities owing to social, physical or psychological obstacles. Seventy disabled university students with physical impairments were administered a questionnaire package, including a sociodemographic information sheet, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Stress-Related Growth Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Social Support, Life Events Inventory, and Brief Symptom Inventory. Snowball sampling was used and voluntary participation was essential. The results showed that disability burden, daily hassles, and helplessness coping were significant predictors of psychological symptoms. For stress-related growth the only variable that appeared significant was problem-solving coping. The results pointed out that there may be different pathways to distress and growth. In order to decrease psychological distress and enhance growth in disabled university students, disability awareness programs, changes in the barriers in the academic and physical environments of the university campuses, and coping skills training to increase problem-focused coping and to combat helplessness may prove to be effective. Reducing daily hassles for the disabled students is likely to contribute to their wellbeing by decreasing their burdens. Also, a more disability-friendly environment is likely to be empowering for disabled university students.     

急性肾损伤肾脏替代治疗模式的临床决策

急性肾损伤是指病程3个月内的,包括血、尿、组织学及影像学检查所见的肾脏结构与功能异常。目前,急性肾损伤肾脏替代治疗的模式尚无明确定论。常用的模式有间断性血液透析、持续性肾脏替代治疗、杂合式肾脏替代治疗、腹膜透析。临床上应根据患者的年龄、病因、病情危重程度、所在医院的条件和经济状况等选择合适的治疗模式。     

竞技运动中的工作记忆

竞技运动中的工作记忆是竞技运动认知研究中较为成熟的一个领域, 对运动表现具有重要影响。现有研究主要涉及运动决策、运动表现失常和运动损伤三个方面。研究者以传统工作记忆容量测试对受试者进行容量大小区分后, 分配到决策任务中, 以了解工作记忆容量与决策表现间的关系。针对运动表现失常的研究表明, 刻板印象威胁造成的认知资源损耗降低了工作记忆容量, 为运动表现失常的解释与避免提供了新的思路。对暂时性脑震荡导致的工作记忆变化研究为进一步揭示工作记忆的脑机制提供了支持。虽然现有竞技运动中工作记忆的研究在数量上并不占优势, 但在研究成果上确实有可圈可点之处。     

心理学视角下的极端膜拜伤害问题

对极端膜拜团体造成身心伤害现象的科学研究, 集中在对极端膜拜伤害的界定、测量和机制三个方面。本文的目的, 是梳理这三个主题上的研究脉络, 明晰其中的争议之处和取得的成绩。文本分析表明, 对极端膜拜伤害的界定从“洗脑”转向了“心理虐待”, 对这类伤害的经验观察由个体症状转向了群体行为和经历的描述, 测量方法由传统心理测试工具变成了新型团体心理虐待量表, 膜拜伤害的心理机制研究在综合环境和个人精神特质两种因素的基础上建立了二者交互的病理模型, 表观遗传学和人际神经生物学用于极端膜拜伤害的生理机制研究已见端倪。但是, 迄今对于极端膜拜伤害的学术研究尚未形成范式。     

Absence of hardly pursued updating in a running memory task

In a running memory span task, the participants are presented with a list of items (e.g. numbers or words) of an unknown length, because this length varies from trial to trial. In one variation of the procedure the participants must report a certain fixed number of items (e.g. four) from the end of the list. According to Morris and Jones (British Journal of Psychology, 81, 111-121, 1990), the recalled items must be updated in memory as the presentation of the list progresses. Ruiz, Elosúa and Lechuga (The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 5, 887-905, 2005) noted that an active strategy implies an inhibition in memory of the final discarded items, and did not find results which supported this hypothesis. The aim of this study is to check whether or not participants adopt an active processing strategy in extreme conditions. Experiment 1 uses catch trials, which induce the participants not to discard the first items of the lists, and also short lists (of 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10 items); these could be considered optimal conditions for updating. However, it should also be pointed out that with an upper limit of 10 items per list, participants could try to memorise the whole list in most of the trials. One way to discourage this strategy is including lists well over span (e.g. 14-26 items). The purpose of Experiment 2 was to analyse the 10-item lists in two conditions: within a context of much longer lists (well over span) in most of the trials and within a context of shorter lists (data of Experiment 1). Results in both experiments, from the analysis of location errors, indicate that even in these conditions the participants do not seem to carry out the supposed active updating of the memory set.