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161.
The Relationship Between Right‐wing Attitudes and Cognitive Style: A Comparison of Self‐report and Behavioural Measures of Rigidity and Intolerance of Ambiguity
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Two recent meta‐analytic studies addressing the relationship between cognitive style and right‐wing attitudes yielded some discrepancies. We argue that these discrepancies can be accounted for when one considers the types of cognitive style measures included in those analyses. One of these analyses primarily relied on self‐report measures, whereas the other relied on behavioural measures of cognitive style. Based on a new meta‐analysis of 103 samples (total N = 12 714) focussing on behavioural and self‐report measures of rigidity and intolerance of ambiguity, we confirmed the hypothesis that self‐report scales yield stronger relationships with right‐wing attitudes than behavioural measures. We point out potential conceptual and validity issues with both types of cognitive style measures and call for cautiousness when interpreting the magnitude of their relationships with ideology. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
162.
Although several theories of online syntactic processing assume the parallel activation of multiple syntactic representations, evidence supporting simultaneous activation has been inconclusive. Here, the continuous and non-ballistic properties of computer mouse movements are exploited, by recording their streaming x, y coordinates to procure evidence regarding parallel versus serial processing. Participants heard structurally ambiguous sentences while viewing scenes with properties either supporting or not supporting the difficult modifier interpretation. The curvatures of the elicited trajectories revealed both an effect of visual context and graded competition between simultaneously active syntactic representations. The results are discussed in the context of 3 major groups of theories within the domain of sentence processing. 相似文献
163.
汉语同形歧义词歧义消解的两半球差异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实验探讨汉语同形歧义词(homographs)歧义消解的过程及大脑两半球的差异。被试为华中科技大学96名大学生,实验采用词汇判断任务。句子语境呈现在被试的视野中央,探测词在SOA(stimulus onset asynchronism)为100毫秒或400毫秒时呈现在左视野或右视野。结果发现,(1)当SOA为100毫秒时,在左视野(右半球)上,与语境一致的同形歧义词的主要意义得到激活,与语境不一致的次要意义也有一定程度的激活。在右视野(左半球)上,只有与语境一致的同形歧义词的主要意义得到激活。(2)当SOA为400毫秒时,在左、右视野(两半球)上,与语境一致的同形歧义词的主要意义和次要意义都得到激活。结果表明,大脑左半球对汉语歧义词的歧义消解具有一定的优势,语境敏感模型可以较好地解释本实验的结果。 相似文献
164.
165.
A model of coping with stress is proposed in which coping mediates the relationship among organizational stressors and personal characteristics, and job-related strains and organizational outcomes. Study results, based on a sample of professional salespeople, provide overall support for most of the hypothesized relationships among work-related stressors, personal characteristics, and coping styles. Findings also support the influence of emotion-focused coping on the psychological outcomes of emotional exhaustion and job-induced anxiety; which in turn are found to influence job satisfaction and intention to withdraw. While problem-focused coping had no effect on job-induced anxiety, problem-focused coping did effect emotional exhaustion, which in turn influences job satisfaction and intention to withdraw. Minor differences were found when the proposed model was applied to saleswomen versus salesmen. Overall, however, the model was robust across both genders. 相似文献
166.
Hee-Sun Cheon Markie L. C. Blumer An-Ti Shih Megan J. Murphy Masa Sato 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2009,31(1):52-67
In this study we explore how the “match” between supervisor and supervisee on contextual variables affects both conflict and
the working alliance, which affects supervisee satisfaction. Participants included 132 supervisees in academic programs nationwide.
The extent of match between supervisor and supervisee characteristics was not found to impact conflict, the working alliance,
or supervisees’ satisfaction with supervision. Working alliance was highly predictive of supervisee satisfaction. Despite
the findings that match was not related to working alliance or satisfaction, we believe that supervisors should still have
open discussions with supervisees about their similarities and differences. 相似文献
167.
Purpose To investigate the relationship between trust in the organization and employees’ exchange beliefs (i.e., exchange ideology)
and both psychological attachment and role definitions.
Design/Methodology/Approach A field study based on data from 204 line and supervisory employees examined the relationships between the predictors and
work role boundaries. Two important mechanisms, psychological attachment (organizational commitment) and job satisfaction
were examined as mediator and moderator, respectively, to the relationship between trust and exchange ideology and role definitions.
Findings Results indicate that both relation- and exchange-based variables predict enlarged roles (i.e., employees’ perceived organizational
citizenship behaviors as in-role). Additionally, organizational commitment mediated the relationship between the predictor
and the outcome. Job satisfaction moderated the relationship between trust and role definition.
Implications Work role boundaries are important in the contemporary workplace, where employees are oftentimes required to enlarge their
behavioral set. We provide evidence for the importance of managing the relationship with the organization (through high levels
of trust) and making sure employees construe their exchanges with the organization as more open. Such knowledge may help design
interventions to increase employee trust, and select employees with favorable exchange ideologies.
Originality/Value This is one of the first studies examining both relationship- and exchange-based variables as predictors of role definitions,
and clarifies possible mechanisms (mediation through psychological attachment) and the role of job satisfaction as moderator. 相似文献
168.
Shelia M. Kennison 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2009,38(4):363-378
The research investigated how comprehenders use verb information during syntactic parsing. Two reading experiments investigated
the relationship between verb-specific variables and reading time. These experiments were close replications of prior work;
however, two statistical techniques were used, rather than one. These were item-by-item correlations and participant-by-participant
regression. In Experiment 1, reading time was measured using a self-paced moving window. In Experiment 2, eye movements were
recorded during reading. The results of both experiments showed that the results of two types of statistical analyses support
contradictory conclusions. The analyses involving participant-by-participant regression analyses provided no evidence for
the early use of verb information in parsing and support syntax-first approaches to parsing. In contrast, the results of item-by-item
correlation were consistent with the prior research, supporting the view that verb information can guide initial parsing decisions.
Implications for theories of parsing are discussed.
This research was financially supported by Grants HD-07327 and HD-18708 awarded to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst
and supported by a grant awarded to the author by the National Science Foundation (BCS 0446998). 相似文献
169.
Leslie A. Todres 《Journal of religion and health》2000,39(3):227-238
This article offers a perspective on transpersonal development that has been inspired by the phenomenological tradition. This philosophical movement as exemplified by Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty may provide a non-dualistic vision in which human beings participate in both development and no development. Some implications of this paradox are taken forward to indicate a basic open and non-deterministic dimension of our depths which enters ‘nature’ and ‘time’ in unknown ways. In this view, the tension between the ‘personal’ and the ‘transpersonal’ functions in any moment and forms a deep motivation and creative tension in the human heart. How is this tension resolved? 相似文献
170.
In the postmodern era the entire sphere of employment is undergoing changes that create feelings of ambiguity. These changes are reflected in the use of defense mechanisms such as splits between management and employees, and alienation and dissociation. Occupational social workers are also experiencing insecurity. Although their function is to assist individuals and the organization during crises, they are not able to detach themselves from their experiences. It is more difficult for them resort to bridging and dialogue in order to ameliorate feelings of anxiety. This article will describe how a large group intervention can provide practical experience that raises self-awareness and facilitates coping with organizational ambiguity. 相似文献