Influence of obstetrical events on satisfaction and anxiety during childbirth: a prospective longitudinal study

The aim of this study was to investigate the feelings of anxiety and satisfaction among 79 primiparas who had uncomplicated pregnancies, at the time of hospital admission and after birth, considering the mode of delivery, analgesia, and pain levels. Questionnaires were completed at admission to the hospital and two months after delivery, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state scale and the Labour Agentry Scale. The mean (SD) STAI state score was higher at admission (36.7 (10.7)) than 4 months after childbirth (32.1 (9.7)) (paired Student’s t-test, t = 2.93; df = 78; p = .004). However, the postnatal anxiety was not associated with the mode of delivery, epidural or pain. Regarding the satisfaction with the expectations of control during childbirth, the mean (SD) score was higher before childbirth (166.0 (21.8)) than after (157.5 (33.5)) (paired Student’s t-test, t = ?2.28; df = 77; p = .03). The satisfaction with the childbirth experience was significantly associated with the expectations of childbirth and the mode of delivery, but not with analgesia or pain. The postnatal anxiety was associated with physical health, pain and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score during the postpartum period. It is important to consider the temporality of perinatal anxiety in order to understand its causes. Our results indicate that the experience of childbirth was predicted in this sample by the antenatal expectations and delivery outcomes.     

传统异化逻辑与主体性形而上学的共生性--论《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对启蒙辩证法的初始突破

主体性形而上学与传统异化逻辑的对峙是主体-客体对立的必然理论后果,二者之间的张力维持有赖于启蒙以来的时代精神也即抽象主体性的支撑。一旦抽象主体性被消解,主体神话被揭穿,异化就自然而然僭越为本体性存在。惟有马克思的历史辩证法才能走出主客二分的主体性与传统异化逻辑对立之悖论。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思就已经对传统异化逻辑做了初始性的突破。     

知识资本、人力资本与伦理价值的资本化问题初探

知识资本是知识经济的灵魂,在知识资本化的条件下,伦理价值也会随着知识的功能扩张而扩张,伦理“知识”也会物化为资本。人力资本理论的诞生为伦理价值的资本化提供了条件和途径,使伦理价值资本化成为现实。伦理资本除了具有人力资本的一般特征外,还有自己的特殊性。     

The influence of robotic guidance on error detection and correction mechanisms

New technologies have expanded the available methods to help individuals learn or re-learn motor skills. Despite equivocal evidence for the impact of robotic guidance for motor skill acquisition (Marchal-Crespo, McHughen, Cramer, & Reinkensmeyer, 2010), we have recently shown that robotic guidance mixed with unassisted practice can significantly improve the learning of a golf putting task (Bested & Tremblay, 2018). To understand the mechanisms associated with this new mixed approach (i.e., unassisted and robot-guided practice) for the learning of a golf putting task, the current study aimed to determine if such mixed practice extends to one’s ability to detect errors. Participants completed a pre-test, an acquisition phase, as well as immediate, delayed (24-h), and transfer post-tests. During the pre-test, kinematic data from the putter was converted into highly accurate, consistent, and smooth trajectories delivered by a robot arm. During acquisition, 2 groups performed putts towards 3 different targets with robotic guidance on either 0% or 50% of acquisition trials. Only the 50% guidance group significantly reduced ball endpoint distance and variability, as well as ball endpoint error estimations, between the pre-test and the post-tests (i.e., immediate retention, 24-h retention, and 24-h transfer). The current study showed that allowing one to experience both robotic guidance and unassisted (i.e., errorful) performances enhances one’s ability to detect errors, which can explain the beneficial motor learning effects of a mixed practice schedule.     

The Effects of Performance Monitoring on Emotional Labor and Well-Being in Call Centers

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between performance monitoring and well-being. It also examined a mechanism, namely emotional labor, that might mediate the relationship between them, assessed the effect of the work context on the relationship between performance monitoring and well-being, and examined the relative effects of performance monitoring and work context on well-being. Three aspects of performance monitoring were covered, namely, its performance-related content (i.e., immediacy of feedback, clarity of performance criteria), its beneficial-purpose (i.e., developmental rather than punitive aims), and its perceived intensity. The participants were 347 customer service agents in two U.K. call centers who completed a battery of questionnaire scales. Regression analyses revealed that the performance-related content and the beneficial-purpose of monitoring were positively related to well-being, while perceived intensity had a strong negative association with well-being. Emotional labor did not mediate the relationship between monitoring and well-being in the form hypothesized, although it was related to these two factors. Work context (job control, problem solving demand, supervisory support) did not mediate the relationship between monitoring and well-being, but job control and supervisory support did moderate the relationship between perceived intensity and well-being. Relative to other study variables, perceived intensity showed stronger associations with emotional exhaustion, while job control and supervisory support tended to show stronger associations with depression and job satisfaction. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed.     

幼儿教师情绪劳动策略与职业倦怠的关系:基于潜在剖面分析

基于个体中心的视角考察幼儿教师情绪劳动策略和职业倦怠的关系,采用幼儿教师情绪劳动策略量表和职业倦怠量表对495名幼儿教师进行问卷调查。运用潜在剖面分析方法进行数据分析,结果表明：（1）幼儿教师情绪劳动策略可以分为四种潜在类别：积极型、内热型、珍爱型和冷淡型,其中积极型人数最多,冷淡型人数最少;（2）幼儿教师的职业倦怠得分在这四种潜在类别上有显著差异,冷淡型的职业倦怠得分最高,积极型次之,内热型和珍爱型的职业倦怠得分最低且无显著差异。研究结果为幼儿教师情绪劳动与职业倦怠的关系探讨提供了新的视角。     

员工情绪智力与主观幸福感:获益支持与情绪劳动策略的中介作用

运用情绪智力问卷、主观幸福感问卷、获益支持问卷以及情绪劳动策略问卷对400名服务行业员工进行施测,建立结构方程模型以探讨获益支持及情绪劳动策略在情绪智力对主观幸福感影响中的中介作用。研究发现:(1)服务行业员工情绪智力处于中等水平,主观幸福感处于中等偏上水平;(2)员工情绪智力,获益支持、情绪劳动策略及主观幸福感之间两两相关;(3)获益支持与情绪劳动策略在员工情绪智力与主观幸福感之间起中介作用。     

女性医务社会工作者情感劳动的质性研究

研究对10名女性医务社会工作者进行了深度访谈,运用扎根理论的方法分析访谈资料。研究发现：女性医务社会工作者在情感体验和整饰中呈现出医务情境下的情感传递和专业场域下的情感抑制之间的多元矛盾;存在着专业缝隙中的无权感、需求回应时的无助感和工作环境中的无力感表现出来的职业倦怠;情感能量来源于专业赋能和自我赋能,并能够对其进行正向转化,在工作中充分发挥女性特质中的优势和同伴支持进行情感调适。

     

The Refusal of Work in Christian Ethics and Theology

Reviewing major accounts in Christian ethics and theology concerning work reveals a set of assumptions that together form the field's current “common sense” regarding this central human activity: work is part of what it fundamentally means to be a human; there is an aspect of work that is intrinsically good, because it reflects God's work; and work that is degrading can be transformed into this intrinsic good. An emerging body of social thought, however, interrogates work from an anti‐work perspective, rejecting capitalism's demand that people be integrated as fully as possible into the profit‐generating modern‐day work structure. After exploring core tenets of the anti‐work perspective, this essay reconsiders the assumptions often made about work in Christian ethics and theology and delineates some contours of anti‐work Christian normative interpretations of work.     

The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies

This investigation had two purposes. The first was to determine whether the display of naturally felt emotions is distinct from surface acting and deep acting as a method of displaying organizationally desired emotions. The second purpose was to examine dispositional and situational antecedents of surface acting, deep acting, and the expression of naturally felt emotions. Results supported a three-dimensional structure separating deep acting, surface acting, and the expression of naturally felt emotions. In addition, the dispositional and situational variables exhibited theoretically consistent and distinct patterns of relationships with the three emotional labor strategies. Overall, the results of this study expand the nomological network of surface acting and deep acting and suggest that the expression of naturally felt emotions is a distinct strategy for displaying emotions at work and should be included in research on emotional labor.