认知诊断中的Q矩阵及其作用

Q矩阵作为连接认知和测量的桥梁，在认知诊断中起重要作用。本文梳理了应用Q矩阵解决认知诊断相关问题的理论与方法。首先整理Q矩阵的相关概念、算法、性质及其在认知诊断中的作用；并根据Q矩阵可计算理论构念效度、可以构成格等，指出Q矩阵是特殊的关联矩阵；接着介绍Q矩阵理论研究方面的几个近期发展；并对Q矩阵未来的应用研究作出展望。期望本文能为测量工作者更灵活地利用Q矩阵提供参考和帮助。     

Beyond androgyny: The emergence of sex-role transcendence as a theoretical construct

Recent trends in sex-role research are reviewed with the purpose of showing a paradigm shift in the kinds of issues and questions thought to be important for an understanding of sex-role development. Two recent advances, conceptualizations of androgyny and sex-role transcendence are described with particular emphasis on the emergence of sex-role transcendence as a new theoretical construct. It is argued that while personality, social-learning, and structural-developmental theories account for sex-role identity and androgyny, only structural-developmental theory provides an adequate conceptual framework for the construct of sex-role transcendence. Questions are raised concerning the empirical demonstration of the concept.