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131.
Several criteria from the optimal design literature are examined for use with item selection in multidimensional adaptive
testing. In particular, it is examined what criteria are appropriate for adaptive testing in which all abilities are intentional,
some should be considered as a nuisance, or the interest is in the testing of a composite of the abilities. Both the theoretical
analyses and the studies of simulated data in this paper suggest that the criteria of A-optimality and D-optimality lead to
the most accurate estimates when all abilities are intentional, with the former slightly outperforming the latter. The criterion
of E-optimality showed occasional erratic behavior for this case of adaptive testing, and its use is not recommended. If some
of the abilities are nuisances, application of the criterion of A
s
-optimality (or D
s
-optimality), which focuses on the subset of intentional abilities is recommended. For the measurement of a linear combination
of abilities, the criterion of c-optimality yielded the best results. The preferences of each of these criteria for items with specific patterns of parameter
values was also assessed. It was found that the criteria differed mainly in their preferences of items with different patterns
of values for their discrimination parameters.
The first author is now at the Department of Methodology and Statistics, Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University,
Heidelberglaan 1, 3854 Utrecht, The Netherlands. The second author is now at Research Department, CTB/McGraw-Hill, Monterey, CA,
USA. 相似文献
132.
This article addresses the issues of rank stability and ‘bilateral’ consistency that arise when a matrix‐based decision analysis procedure is perceived as capable of yielding more than one weighting vector, for example, both a right and component‐wise inverted left eigenvector. Simple directional constraints that characterize both of the above issues are presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
133.
使用模拟研究方法比较了以往研究中提出的基于观察信息矩阵、三明治矩阵的Wald(分别表示为W_Obs、W_Sw)、似然比(Likelihood Ratio)统计量以及新提出的基于经验交叉相乘信息矩阵的Wald统计量(W_XPD)在模型——数据失拟条件下进行项目水平上模型比较时的表现。结果显示:(1)W_Sw的一类错误控制率有很强的健壮性。(2)W_XPD在Q矩阵错误设定的大多数条件下的表现优于W_Sw。结论:模型—数据拟合良好时可以使用W_Sw进行项目水平上的模型比较,当模型与数据失拟时W_XPD可能是更好的选择。 相似文献
134.
Means‐end chain (MEC) theory proposes that consumer motivation can only be understood in terms of the hierarchical linkages between attributes, consequences and values. Other researchers have suggested a much more immediate impact of values on motivation. Seeking to explain these conflicting views, this research suggests and empirically tests the proposition that the role of values in consumer motivation differs by product type and also tests that the linkages are not affected by individual differences in the need for cognition. A sample of 191 consumers indicated their motivation to consume utilitarian and non‐utilitarian products using an adapted association pattern matrix technique. Responses were analysed using mixed‐design ANOVAs with planned comparisons. Results indicate significant differences related to product type in the role of values in consumer motivation. Limitations, implications for MEC theory and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd. 相似文献
135.
136.
随着人们对测验反馈结果精细化的需求逐渐提高, 具有认知诊断功能的测量方法逐渐受到人们的关注。在认知诊断模型(CDMs)闪耀着光芒的同时, 另一类能够在连续量尺上提供精细反馈的多维IRT模型(MIRTMs)似乎受到些许冷落。为探究MIRTMs潜在的认知诊断功能, 本文以补偿模型为视角, 聚焦于分别属于MIRTMs的多维两参数logistic模型(M2PLM)和属于CDMs的线性logistic模型(LLM); 之后为使两者具有可比性, 可对补偿M2PLM引入验证性矩阵(Q矩阵)来界定题目与维度之间的关系, 进而得到验证性的补偿M2PLM (CC-M2PLM), 并通过把潜在特质按切点划分为跨界属性, 以期使CC-M2PLM展现出其本应具有的认知诊断功能; 预研究表明logistic量尺上的0点可作为相对合理的切点; 然后, 通过模拟研究对比探究CC-M2PLM和LLM的认知诊断功能, 结果表明CC-M2PLM可用于分析诊断测验数据, 且认知诊断功能与直接使用LLM的效果相当; 最后, 以两则实证数据为例来说明CC-M2PLM在实际诊断测验分析中的可行性。 相似文献
137.
Peter C. M. Molenaar 《Multivariate behavioral research》2017,52(2):242-258
Equivalences of two classes of dynamic models for weakly stationary multivariate time series are discussed: dynamic factor models and autoregressive models. It is shown that exploratory dynamic factor models can be rotated, yielding an infinite set of equivalent solutions for any observed series. It also is shown that dynamic factor models with lagged factor loadings are not equivalent to the currently popular state-space models, and that restriction of attention to the latter type of models may yield invalid results. The known equivalent vector autoregressive model types, standard and structural, are given a new interpretation in which they are conceived of as the extremes of an innovating type of hybrid vector autoregressive models. It is shown that consideration of hybrid models solves many problems, in particular with Granger causality testing. 相似文献
138.
The deterioration of sensory-motor integration within the pain matrix in patients with chronic Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) is one of the principal mechanisms responsible for non-conscious pain perception. The present study aimed to assess whether the variability in the inter-peak interval (IPI) between the N2 and P2 components of laser evoked potentials (LEP) could represent an objective marker of the behavioral responsiveness to nociceptive stimulation, as measured by the Nociception Coma Scale-Revised (NCS-R), and regardless of the sensory part of pain processing. We found that only IPI variability showed a significant correlation with NCS-R score, independently of the stimulation intensity (that influences the sensory part of pain processing). It was thus concluded that IPI variability might represent an objective measure of pain processing, which may help clinicians in the development of effective pain management strategies. 相似文献
139.
Robert Cudeck 《Psychometrika》2000,65(4):539-546
Situations sometimes arise in which variables collected in a study are not jointly observed. This typically occurs because
of study design. An example is an equating study where distinct groups of subjects are administered different sections of
a test. In the normal maximum likelihood function to estimate the covariance matrix among all variables, elements corresponding
to those that are not jointly observed are unidentified. If a factor analysis model holds for the variables, however, then
all sections of the matrix can be accurately estimated, using the fact that the covariances are a function of the factor loadings.
Standard errors of the estimated covariances can be obtained by the delta method. In addition to estimating the covariance
matrix in this design, the method can be applied to other problems such as regression factor analysis. Two examples are presented
to illustrate the method.
This research was partially supported by NIMH grant MH5-4576 相似文献
140.
Current practice in factor analysis typically involves analysis of correlation rather than covariance matrices. We study whether the standardz-statistic that evaluates whether a factor loading is statistically necessary is correctly applied in such situations and more generally when the variables being analyzed are arbitrarily rescaled. Effects of rescaling on estimated standard errors of factor loading estimates, and the consequent effect onz-statistics, are studied in three variants of the classical exploratory factor model under canonical, raw varimax, and normal varimax solutions. For models with analytical solutions we find that some of the standard errors as well as their estimates are scale equivariant, while others are invariant. For a model in which an analytical solution does not exist, we use an example to illustrate that neither the factor loading estimates nor the standard error estimates possess scale equivariance or invariance, implying that different conclusions could be obtained with different scalings. Together with the prior findings on parameter estimates, these results provide new guidance for a key statistical aspect of factor analysis.We gratefully acknowledge the help of the Associate Editor and three referees whose constructive comments lead to an improved version of the paper. This work was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants DA01070 and DA00017 and by the University of North Texas Faculty Research Grant Program. 相似文献