羟苯磺酸钙与培哚普利对早期糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用比较

观察羟苯磺酸钙和培哚普利对早期糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的治疗作用的差别。测定24h尿白蛋白,血浆及肾皮质ET（内皮素,endothelin）含量,肾皮质PAI-1（纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1）、MMP-9（基质金属蛋白酶-9,matrix metalloproteinase-9）表达,观察肾脏病理形态变化。从结果看,羟苯磺酸钙可以减轻实验大鼠肾脏损伤,作用与培哚普利无明显差别。     

Generative time telling in adults with disabilities: A matrix training approach

Matrix training is a teaching strategy designed to facilitate generative responding through a process termed recombinative generalization. A skill that has yet to be addressed with matrix training is tacting time increments. Given the two‐component features of time telling (i.e., hours and minutes) and the numerous teaching targets, matrix training was implemented for such behavior with two adults with developmental disabilities. This study used a 12 × 12 matrix that consisted of 144 time increments. Participants were taught 12 time increments, and probes were conducted to assess the remaining 132 untrained time increments. The participants responded correctly to approximately 50% of the untrained time increments during the post‐assessment phase. Limitations and future research are discussed.     

五阶幻方与易数系统

五阶幻方与洛书一样,蕴含着丰富的易理思想。从五阶幻方的均衡和谐布局的数字结构中．我们可以分别找到太极、阴阳、四象、五行、八卦、天干地支、河图洛书及其关系的巧妙体现。我们从这里综合地思考易数系统,可能产生一个更广阔而深刻的认识空间。     

Jeanine Thweatt-Bates. Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman

Abstract

Of all the research programs investigating radical life extension, cybernetic immortality is, by definition, the most ambitious. Several models fall within this category. While some include the possibility of “re-corporealizing” either as machine, biological entity, or hybrid, all models have several essentials in common. They require the ability to construct a non-biological (e.g., electronic) substrate that can model the functioning human brain, including the ability for consciousness (self-awareness) and a means for uploading into this artificial mind the contents of one's mortal life experiences. The individuals who have speculated most comprehensively on this include Ted Chu, Raymond Kurzweil, and Martine Rothblatt.¹1 Relevant books include: Ted Chu, Human Purpose and Transhuman Potential: A Cosmic Vision for Our Future Evolution (San Rafael, CA: Origin Press, 2014); Michio Kaku, The Future of the Mind: The Scientific Quest to Understand, Enhance, and Empower the Mind (New York: Doubleday, 2014); Ray Kurzweil, How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed (London: Penguin, 2013); Martine Rothblatt, Virtually Human: The Promise and the Peril of Digital Immortality (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2014).     

Evaluating Ethical Tools

This article reviews suggestions for how ethical tools are to be evaluated and argues that the concept of ethical soundness as presented by Kaiser et al. (2007) is unhelpful. Instead, it suggests that the quality of an ethical tool is determined by how well it achieves its assigned purpose(s). Those are different for different tools, and the article suggests a categorization of such tools into three groups. For all ethical tools, it identifies comprehensiveness and user‐friendliness as crucial. For tools that have reaching a decision in a democratic context as a main purpose, it identifies transparency, guiding users toward a decision and justification of the decision‐supporting mechanism. For tools that aim to engage the public, it identifies procedural fairness as essential. It also notes that the scope of use for ethical tools is limited to the same moral community, and that this feature is frequently overlooked.     

不同加工深度非符号数量信息的SNARC效应：眼动证据

通过两项眼动实验考察了个体在水平和垂直方向上对点阵数量进行较浅(浏览)和较深(数字比较)程度加工时的数量空间表征联系。结果显示：点阵在水平方向上出现了SNARC效应, 且SNARC效应的大小不受加工深浅的影响, 而在垂直方向上没有出现SNARC效应。表明(1)点阵数量SNARC效应的稳定性不如阿拉伯数字; (2)方向对点阵SNARC效应的影响更大, 加工程度的影响则不明显。结合加工程度、空间方向和点阵数量的自身特征等对研究发现进行了讨论, 认为数字的空间表征在多个因素的共同影响下可能呈现出多样性。     

Social dreaming:competition or complementation to individual dreaming?

Social dreaming is presented as a method to explore the unconscious dimension of the social world. The theoretical position of social dreaming and its historical development is described. Two examples are given for the practical application of social dreaming, a professional meeting of psychotherapists and an experiential workshop dealing with the aftermath of trauma. It is suggested that social dreaming is complementary to individual dreaming and offers insights and explanations, as well as guidance on various levels for applications in clinical, organizational, institutional and social settings.     

Nascent body ego: Metapsychological and neurophysiological aspects

For Freud, body ego was the organizing basis of the structural theory. He defi ned it as a psychic projection of the body surface. Isakower's and Lewin's classical fi ndings suggest that the body surface experiences of nursing provide the infant with sensory-affective stimulation that initiates a projection of sensory processes towards the psychic realm. During nursing, somato-sensory, gustatory and olfactory modalities merge with a primitive somatic affect of satiation, whereas auditory modality is involved more indirectly and visual contact more gradually. Repeated regularly, such nascent experiences are likely to play a part in the organization of the primitive protosymbolic mental experience. In support of this hypothesis, the authors review fi ndings from a neurophysiological study of infants before, during and after nursing. Nursing is associated with a signifi cant amplitude change in the newborn electroencephalogram (EEG), which wanes before the age of 3 months, and is transformed at the age of 6 months into rhythmic 3-5 Hz hedonic θ-activity. Sucking requires active physiological work, which is shown in a regular rise in heart rate. The hypothesis of a sensory-affective organization of the nascent body ego, enhanced by nursing and active sucking, seems concordant with neurophysiological phenomena related to nursing.     

The effect of product type on value linkages in the means‐end chain: implications for theory and method

Means‐end chain (MEC) theory proposes that consumer motivation can only be understood in terms of the hierarchical linkages between attributes, consequences and values. Other researchers have suggested a much more immediate impact of values on motivation. Seeking to explain these conflicting views, this research suggests and empirically tests the proposition that the role of values in consumer motivation differs by product type and also tests that the linkages are not affected by individual differences in the need for cognition. A sample of 191 consumers indicated their motivation to consume utilitarian and non‐utilitarian products using an adapted association pattern matrix technique. Responses were analysed using mixed‐design ANOVAs with planned comparisons. Results indicate significant differences related to product type in the role of values in consumer motivation. Limitations, implications for MEC theory and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd.     

认知诊断模型中项目水平模型比较统计量的健壮性

使用模拟研究方法比较了以往研究中提出的基于观察信息矩阵、三明治矩阵的Wald（分别表示为W_Obs、W_Sw）、似然比（Likelihood Ratio）统计量以及新提出的基于经验交叉相乘信息矩阵的Wald统计量（W_XPD）在模型——数据失拟条件下进行项目水平上模型比较时的表现。结果显示：（1）W_Sw的一类错误控制率有很强的健壮性。（2）W_XPD在Q矩阵错误设定的大多数条件下的表现优于W_Sw。结论：模型—数据拟合良好时可以使用W_Sw进行项目水平上的模型比较,当模型与数据失拟时W_XPD可能是更好的选择。