价值观与行为的一致性争议

价值观与行为的一致性存在着争论, 相关的实证研究包括以下几种模式: 价值观直接预测行为; 生活方式、态度等中介变量的桥梁作用; 人格与情境等调节变量的影响作用。目标层次理论认为价值观与行为之间是由逐渐具体化的目标连接起来的; 建构水平理论认为心理距离影响价值观与行为的关系; 自我价值定向理论认为个人自我价值体系对行为具有定向作用; 新社会分析模型则认为价值观是人格的一个领域, 特质与价值观这两个平行的结构共同作用于行为。未来的研究方向可能表现为价值观词典的应用; 价值矛盾与行为决策关系的研究; 中国文化背景下的价值观与行为一致性的探索以及建立专门针对二者关系的理论模型等方面。     

传统和现代视野中的自谦

自谦可以理解为是通过低调的自我呈现,以柔克刚、以弱胜强的和谐控制过程。它是文化背景、个体特征和情境变量交互作用的函数,也是由利益和情感共同驱动的。自谦主要出于和合、远耻、隐显的动机。自谦对于心理健康的积极意义在于,它是一种符合文化期待的自我实现方式。对于组织行为而言,自谦不能简单的理解为能改善员工自我评估和监管者评估间的一致性,而是有可能使问题更加复杂。     

Is hostile attributional bias associated with negative urgency and impulsive behaviors? A social-cognitive conceptualization of impulsivity

The aim of this study was to verify the relevance of social information-processing (SIP) models in the study of impulsivity. 170 undergraduates completed the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale relevant to negative urgency, the SIP–AEQ and control measures. The SIP–AEQ consists of eight vignettes featuring a social situation measuring hostile attributional bias (HAB), emotional responses and impulsive behaviors in response to an ambiguous social provocation. Regression analyses showed negative urgency’s unique contribution to indirect HAB after controlling for the effects of aggressiveness, negative emotions and lack of perseverance, another UPPS dimension of impulsivity. Analyses also revealed that indirect HAB mediates the relationship between negative urgency and impulsive behaviors, after controlling for the effects of aggressiveness and negative emotions. Results suggest that SIP models are relevant to study the active social cognitive processes in impulsive behaviors of high-urgency individuals.     

Preschoolers’ distress and regulatory behaviors vary as a function of infant–mother attachment security

Children (N = 98) with higher attachment security scores, and lower resistance and avoidance scores during the Strange Situation at 16 months demonstrated somewhat more adaptive observed and mother-reported emotion regulation as preschoolers independent of maternal behavior.     

Les déterminants de la charge de travail perçue dans deux services d’urgence hospitaliers en France

This article gives an account of research carried out the workload of healthcare providers in hospital emergency wards, by focusing on several factors that are both related to the patients and to their activity. Based on 121 observations conducted in two hospitals, coupled with the NASA-TLX scale and an ad hoc questionnaire, this research indicates that the elements which contribute the most to perceived workload are the agitated behavior of patients and communication difficulties linked to handicap. However, variations in the number of tasks do not seem to have an influence on the workload perceived by health care providers which tends to highlight that the relations to patients contribute more to the perception of workload than the number of tasks. In the situation observed, the regulation of workload is made possible by the management of relational factors (physical demand, frustration and effort) which determine, in part, workload perception. In order to reduce or adapt this load, this article suggests basing interventions on the way to deal with difficult patients and not on the regulation of the number of tasks.