BTL—QZ—V1．1气质测试系统的修订

修订BTL-QZ-V1．1气质测试系统。对519名12—21岁男女学生进行了测量。结果发现：神经系统特性具有年龄差异,随年龄增长兴奋性、抑制性增强,灵活性、稳定性增高;12～14岁是其快速增长期,14～18岁为慢速增长期,18岁后为稳定期;神经系统的兴奋性、抑制性具有性别差异,男生强于女生;可将气质类型划分为10种,年龄和性别不影响气质类型的分布;除灵活性外,神经系统兴奋性、抑制性和稳定性的重测信度系数在0．6～0．8之间,且达到显著性水平;以80·8神经类型量表为效标,所得相关系数达中等程度。提示BTL-QZ-V1．1气质测试系统的评定需按年龄和性别分组进行,建立的分组标准较为准确科学,信度、效度较高,可以广泛应用。     

教师创造性教学行为评价量表的结构

用Cropley编制的"创造性教学行为自评量表"(CFT指标)对321名小学教师进行初测,选取难度在0.20~0.80之间、区分度在0.40以上的28个题项组成"教师创造性教学行为评价量表"。经探索性因素分析,发现该量表由学习方式指导、动机激发、观点评价和鼓励变通4个维度构成。对592份"教师创造性教学行为评价量表"有效数据的验证性因素分析结果表明,该量表有较好的信度和效度,可以用来评价教师的创造性教学行为。     

Learning words from reliable and unreliable speakers

Three studies examined whether 3- and 4-year olds would trust a reliable speaker over an unreliable speaker when learning a new word and whether that trust would be reversed, and the word mapping revised, when a trusted speaker later proved unreliable. Study 1 indicated that 3- and 4-year olds trusted a reliable speaker over an unreliable speaker. Study 2 indicated that some 4-year olds reversed trust and revised a word mapping when a trusted speaker later proved unreliable. Study 3 indicated that those 4-year olds who reversed trust and revised the word mapping were likely to maintain the revision and tended to favor the previously reliable speaker over time. These results are discussed in terms of the role of speaker reliability in young children's word learning.     

Drivers’ attitudes toward imperfect distraction mitigation strategies

Studies were conducted to assess driver acceptance of and trust in distraction mitigation strategies. Previous studies have shown that in-vehicle tasks undermine driver safety, and that there is a need for strategies to reduce the effects of in-vehicle distractions. Trust and acceptance of such strategies strongly influence their effectiveness. Different strategies intended to reduce distraction were categorized in a taxonomy. Focus groups were conducted to help refine this taxonomy and explore driver acceptance issues related to these strategies. A driving simulator experiment was then conducted using two of the strategies: an advising strategy that warns drivers of potential dangers and a locking strategy that prevents the driver from continuing a distracting task. These strategies were presented to 16 middle-aged and 12 older drivers in two modes (auditory, visual) with two levels of adaptation (true, false). Older drivers accepted and trusted the strategies more than middle-aged drivers. Regardless of age, all drivers preferred strategies that provided alerts in a visual mode rather than an auditory mode. When the system falsely adapted to the road situation, trust in the strategies declined. The findings show that display modality has a strong effect on driver acceptance and trust, and that older drivers are more trusting and accepting of distraction mitigation technology even when it operates imperfectly.     

目标追求的入世、出世心理测评初探

假设入世、出世心理是相对独立的成分,编制了相应的问卷。探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明,入世分量表由“拼搏精神”和“在乎结果”因素组成,出世分量表由“平常心”和“低要求”因素组成。该问卷具有较好的信度和效度。     

On the assessment of the test–retest of Riding’s CSA: A commentary on Peterson, Deary, and Austin

Peterson, Deary, and Austin (2003) considered the reliability of the Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA) (Riding, 1991). The CSA seeks to assess an individual’s position on each of two fundamental style dimensions – the Wholist-Analytic and the Verbal-Imagery dimensions. It presents a series of simple cognitive tasks, which the subjects may choose to process according to their preferred style. Performance on these test items is in terms of response times. The CSA comprises 40 items to assess the Wholist-Analytic and 48 for the Verbal-Imagery and typically takes 15–20 min to complete. It is intended to be suitable for a wide age and ability range, and applicable to a variety of contexts and cultures.The most important characteristic of any test of cognitive style is its temporal stability. Studies which attempt to establish test validity without definitive evidence of test reliability are lacking a basic foundation. Riding has not published any statistical data on the test–retest reliability of the CSA.Peterson et al. (2003) and Peterson (2003) claim to have carried out the primary evaluation of the CSA’s reliability. However we were the first to publish accurate test–retest reliability data on Riding’s CSA (Redmond, Mullally, & Parkinson, 2002).This brief report addresses the issue as to who initially established the unreliability of the CSA in the first place and why Peterson, Deary and Austin’s claims are misleading and unsubstantiated.     

应征公民心理选拔的人格评估

应征公民人格评估的目的是对精神分裂症病前人格特征进行预测性评价。采取定性与定量两种研究方法编制征兵专用人格问卷,并对其进行指标验证。结果发现：①量表应答得分区间可较好地区分正常新兵与精神分裂症被试;②二阶因子分析将人格分量表部分划分为3个维度8个因子;③精神分裂症患者人格分量表分数各指标均显著高于正常新兵;④总预测符合率和预测合格符合率均在98%以上,预测淘汰符合率最低为70.13%。上述结果表明,本研究编制的中国士兵人格问卷（CSPQ）具有良好的信度和效度,适用于我国应征公民心理检测以及我军士兵的人格测试     

物质主义价值观量表在大学生群体中的修订

以449名大学本科生为被试,对物质主义价值观量表（MVS）进行中文版的修订,考察其信效度指标。探索性因素分析发现,修订后的量表具有与原量表基本相同的三个维度;验证性因素分析结果显示,MVS的三因素结构拟合较好;MVS的内部一致性信度为0．792,重测信度为0．830;MVS的效标关联效度良好。表明修订后的MVS具有较好的心理测量学属性,可作为测量我国大学生物质主义价值观的工具。     

群集化儿童问题行为核查表的中文版修订

将Frick等人的群集化儿童问题行为核查表（the clustering child behaviors checklist,CCBCL）修订为中文版自我报告问卷、教师评定问卷和同伴评定问卷。以529名初一学生为被试进行间卷修订。结果发现：Frick等人提出的外化问题行为框架适合研究中国儿童青少年的外化问题行为,探索性因子分析证明中文版问卷的因子结构与原文卷一致;自我报告、教师评定和同伴评定版问卷的内部一致性系数、分半系数和重测信度系数都在可接受的范围内,且自我报告版问卷中财物损害的各信度系数较低;自我报告结果与同伴拒绝的相关不显著。而教师评定和同伴评定的结果均与同伴拒绝相关显著;同伴评定问卷的各信度系数及通过其获得的测量结果与同伴拒绝的相关性均高于其它两种问卷。