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41.
Charlotte N. Markey 《欧洲人格杂志》2006,20(3):169-193
This research utilizes the geometric structure of the two‐dimensional Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC), and adds the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) dimension of conscientiousness to create a three‐dimensional spherical model of personality; the interpersonal sphere (IPS). A sample of 250 participants was initially used to select items that conformed to the geometric locations of 26 different characteristics on the IPS. A separate sample of 251 participants confirmed the geometric structure of these characteristic measures using randomization tests. To demonstrate an application of this three‐dimensional model, the IPS was employed as a geometric taxonomy to map various personality constructs. The combined sample of 501 participants was used to cartographically locate 164 scales from the NEO Personality Inventory, (NEO‐PI‐R), the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), and the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI‐R) onto the IPS. The spherical conception of traits provided by the three‐dimensional IPS is discussed as both an extension of the FFM and the two‐dimensional IPC. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
42.
Maeve Cooke 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2006,60(1-3):187-207
The article considers Jürgen Habermas’s views on the relationship between postmetaphysical philosophy and religion. It outlines
Habermas’s shift from his earlier, apparently dismissive attitude towards religion to his presently more receptive stance.
This more receptive stance is evident in his recent emphasis on critical engagement with the semantic contents of religion
and may be characterized by two interrelated theses: (a) the view that religious contributions should be included in political
deliberations in the informally organized public spheres of contemporary democracies, though translated into a secular language
for the purposes of legislation and formal decision making and (b) the view that postmetaphysical philosophy should seek to
salvage the semantic contents of religious traditions in order to supply the evocative images, exemplary figures, and inspirational
narratives it needs for its social and political projects. With regard to (a), it argues that the translation requirement
impairs the political autonomy of religious believers and other metaphysically inclined citizens, suggesting that this difficulty
could be alleviated by making a distinction between epistemologically authoritarian and non-authoritarian religious beliefs.
With regard to (b), it argues that the salvaging operation is not as straightforward as Habermas seems to suppose and that
social and political philosophy may not be able to tap the semantic power of religious traditions without relying on metaphysical
assumptions; it concludes that, here, too, a distinction between authoritarian and non-authoritarian approaches to knowledge
and validity may be useful. 相似文献
43.
William Rehg 《Argumentation》2009,23(1):39-59
If arguments are to generate public knowledge, as in the sciences, then they must travel, finding acceptance across a range of local contexts. But not all good arguments travel, whereas some bad arguments do. Under what conditions may we regard the capacity of an argument to travel as a sign of its cogency or public merits? This question is especially interesting for a contextualist approach that wants to remain critically robust: if standards of cogency are bound to local contexts of evaluation, then how may arguments legitimately travel at all? The key to a contextualist conception of cogent travel, I argue, lies in the way local contexts are linked to broader contexts of evaluation by relations of relevance. The burden of the article is to elaborate the different forms these relations can take in the travel of scientific arguments. 相似文献
44.
Two laboratory studies investigated how groups may deal with the strong emotions that social dilemmas often elicit. A first study showed that a new group member evaluated guilt communicated by a fellow group member as more instrumental than neutral emotion feedback when the amount of required resources to obtain the public good (i.e., provision point) was perceived as difficult to obtain. A second study revealed that participants use communicated guilt to draw inferences about both past and future contributions from all fellow group members. Participants also contributed more themselves and adhered to equality more often when guilt versus no emotion was communicated, but only when the provision point was high. Expected contributions from fellow group members mediated this effect. 相似文献
45.
Andrew Kenneth Jorgensen 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):133-147
Holistic accounts of meaning normally incorporate a subjective dimension that invites the criticism that they make communication
impossible, for speakers are bound to differ in ways the accounts take to be relevant to meaning, and holism generalises any
difference over some words to a difference about all, and this seems incompatible with the idea that successful communication
requires mutual understanding. I defend holism about meaning from this criticism. I argue that the same combination of properties
(subjective origins of value, holism among values, and ultimate publicity of value) is exhibited by monetary value and take
the emergence of equilibrium prices as a model for the emergence of public meanings.
相似文献
Andrew Kenneth JorgensenEmail: |
46.
Stephen M. Garcia Kimberlee Weaver John M. Darley Bryan T. Spence 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2009,19(2):215-224
Encouraging consumers to engage in helpful behavior is a perennial task of marketers in non-profit and for-profit organizations. Recent research suggests that merely imagining the presence of others can lead to less helping behavior on a subsequent unrelated task (Garcia, S.M., Weaver, K.D., Moskowitz, G.B., and Darley, J.M. (2002). Crowded minds: The implicit bystander effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 843–853.). The present analysis uncovers the boundary conditions of this effect. Across four studies, we establish that the degree to which a group situation fosters public scrutiny is an important moderator. When group primes are paired with public scrutiny, their inhibitive effect on helping behavior diminishes, and helping behavior on a subsequent task tends to increase. The present research thus adds complexity to previous findings by suggesting that implicit bystanders can both decrease and increase helping behavior. 相似文献
47.
Gordon Hull 《Continental Philosophy Review》2009,42(1):81-100
In U.S. v.
American Library Association (2003), the Supreme Court upheld the Child Internet Protection Act (CIPA), which mandated that libraries receiving federal
funding for public Internet access install content-filtering programs on computers which provide that access. These programs
analyze incoming content, and block the receipt of objectionable material, in particular pornography. Thus, patrons at public
libraries are protected from unintentionally (or intentionally) accessing objectionable material, and, in the case of minors,
from accessing potentially damaging material. At least, that is the official story. In this paper, I develop three points.
(1) I argue that CIPA and ALA are better read as examples of the enforcement of a regime of normative sexuality. The question of minors accessing pornography
is only relevant to the official story insofar as it provides a rhetorically persuasive example of deviance from that normative
regime. CIPAs full target includes information about topics such as homosexuality and contraception. (2) Rather than (or in
addition to) punishing deviances directly, CIPA attempts to constitute a “public” in which such deviancy can never occur in
the first place. Hence, the designation of a “public” space serves to domesticate alternative sexualities and to sanitize
that space of sexual difference. (3) This interaction at the border of the public and private spheres offers an opportunity
to reflect on and underscore the ways that subject formation and subjectivity are mediated through technological artifacts
like the Internet.
相似文献
Gordon HullEmail: |
48.
Mark Moller 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(2):131-145
Many who believe that human embryos have moral status are convinced that their use in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research
can be morally justified as long as they are discarded embryos left over from fertility treatments. This is one reason why
this view about discarded embryos has played such a prominent role in the debate over publicly funding hESC research in the
United States and other countries. Many believe that this view offers the best chance of a compromise between the different
sides in this debate. This paper focuses on what seems to be the most plausible argument for this view about discarded embryos.
It shows that this argument is unsound regardless of how one understands the claim that embryos have moral status. It also
discusses the implications of this conclusion for attempts to use this argument as a basis for public policy.
相似文献
Mark MollerEmail: |
49.
Eavesdropping can be defined as the extraction of information from the interactions between other individuals. It provides
a relatively cheap way of gathering relevant information for fitness enhancement. Here, we propose that obligate avian brood
parasites, which always lay their eggs in foreign nests of individuals of other species, may eavesdrop on their host sexual
signals to locate nests of high quality individuals in which to lay their parasitic eggs. Sexual signal variation can honestly
signal parental quality. Thus, by eavesdropping on sexual signals, parasites may select high quality foster parents for their
own offspring. Such a use of sexual signals within host populations by brood parasites differs from signal exploitation theory
that proposes that parasite only use signals to locate potential host independently from signaller quality. Here, we review
the avian literature concerning host choice within a host species by obligate avian brood parasites and find evidence for
host selection within individuals of a host species on the basis of cues potentially functioning as sexually selected traits,
or at least revealing parental abilities. We have also found support for the existence of benefits linked to host selection
by avian brood parasites. Finally, one study reported on the attenuation of a sexual ornament in host populations under strong
pressure by brood parasites. Most of these findings have been interpreted as evidence for host selection by avian brood parasites
based on the conspicuousness of sexual signals. We suggest, however, that these findings may in fact reveal eavesdropping
on host signalling performance by brood parasites which would use the information extracted to choose the better individuals
among conspecifics of a given host. This provides a new perspective for the study of host selection in obligate brood parasites,
and raises interesting questions for the study of animal cognition that would deserve experimental studies. 相似文献
50.
James F. Klumpp 《Argumentation》1997,11(1):113-130
The current rationale for Freedom of Speech is entangled in Enlightenment assumptions about the relationship of discourse to public life. This article critiques those assumptions and proposes an alternative rationale for Freedom of Speech based in assumptions of contemporary rhetorical theory. 相似文献