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181.
Operating from the assumption that a primary dynamic of contemporary public argument involves the use of visual images the authors explore the argumentative possibilities of the `image events' (staged protests designed for media dissemination) employed by radical ecology groups. In contextualizing their discussion, the authors offer an analysis of the contemporary conditions for argumentation by describing the character and operation of public communication, social problem creation, and public opinion formation in a mass-mediated public sphere. The authors argue that image events are a form of postmodern argumentative practice, a kind of oppositional argument that creates social controversy, and animates and widens possibilities for debate. They further suggest that image events are a postmodern form of argument involving acts of protest which deliver images as argumentative fragments. Employing the tools of traditional argument theory the authors describe how images are capable of offering unstated propositions and advancing indirect and incomplete claims in ways that function to block enthymemes and advance alternatives. In concluding, the authors discuss the implications of image events for our understanding of the public sphere and the possibilities for argumentation in a postmodern age. 相似文献
182.
Andreas Rauhut 《Journal of Global Ethics》2017,13(2):138-156
Faced with the ongoing tragedy of poverty, ethicists call for effective measures of global justice to set up just institutional structures. Their arguments for a transnational obligation to help however remain contested, one of the main reasons for that being the lack of motivational support for trans-national visions of global justice. This articles suggests that the debate will gain new and helpful insights if it studies the motivational mechanisms at work in the dominant religious and cultural traditions, asking: How do these particular traditions conceive of social justice; how do they motivate their adherents to extend solidarity? And how can the similarities surfacing in their motivational strategies be informative for the quest to devise a motivationally saturated account of global justice? The article demonstrates the potential of such an concrete-universal discourse in an exemplary manner by staging a dialogue between public Christian Social Ethics and African Ubuntu Ethics. 相似文献
183.
现代公共管理日益重视公共服务动机,但如何激励公共服务动机,却悬而未决。针对已有研究的局限,采用公益投资博弈的实验范式,考察了激励类型、性别和PSM水平对动机-绩效关系的影响。发现:1)PSM能显著预测公益投资绩效;2)金钱激励撤销后对所有被试均造成了不良后果(动机挤出);4)荣誉激励能显著提升男性被试的公益投资绩效,且不造成消极后果;但会给女性带来PSM的挤出。未来研究还应考察PSM是否存在内隐层面,并应当考虑文化适合性。 相似文献
184.
Erin E. Toolis 《American journal of community psychology》2017,59(1-2):184-199
As economic inequality and segregation continue to grow in the U.S., psychology has an important role to play in exploring and promoting processes that can disrupt social injustice. This paper identifies the privatization of public space as a social problem that contributes to the entrenchment of social, economic, and racial inequality, and advances “critical placemaking” as a tool for reclaiming public space for public use. Drawing from key concepts in environmental psychology, narrative psychology, and community psychology, the proposed framework seeks to theorize the processes by which placemaking may contribute to transforming community narratives and building more inclusive, participatory, and democratic communities. Policy implications and future directions for empirical work are discussed. 相似文献
185.
Carina J. Wiekens Diederik A. Stapel 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(4):1160-1166
In two studies it is demonstrated that two self-saliency manipulations, often used interchangeably, can have profoundly different consequences. Whereas self-activation increased stereotyping in highly prejudiced participants, a mirror decreased stereotyping. Results show that this difference can be ascribed to the activation of specific self-aspects. Whereas a mirror increased both private and public self-awareness (and, hence, awareness of the social norm that stereotyping is bad), self-activation increased private self-awareness exclusively (and, hence, awareness of privately held negative stereotypes). The implications of these findings for the relation between self-awareness and conformity to social norms are discussed. 相似文献
186.
This study reports the results of an investigation of public awareness and knowledge of stuttering in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total number of 606 street recruited respondents answered questions on various aspects of stuttering, including prevalence, onset, gender distribution, occurrence in different cultures, cause, treatment, intelligence, and hereditariness. The questionnaire used was a Portuguese version of the one by [Van Borsel, J., Verniers, I. & Bouvry, S. (1999). Public awareness of stuttering. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 51, 124–132]. Although, stuttering is a disorder which is known to a majority of the participants, knowledge appears to be limited for certain aspects. Knowledge also differs among subgroups of participants according to gender, age and educational level. Comparison of the results of the current study with similar studies conducted in Belgium and in Shanghai, China shows several similarities but also some differences.
Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (1) discuss public awareness and knowledge of stuttering in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (2) discuss the differences in knowledge according to gender, age and educational level and; (3) discuss similarities and differences with comparable studies run in Belgium and Shanghai, China. 相似文献
187.
Isabela Ieţcu-Fairclough 《Argumentation》2008,22(3):399-417
This article combines a pragma-dialectical conception of argumentation, a sociological conception of legitimacy and a sociological
theory of the political field. In particular, it draws on the theorization of the political field developed by Pierre Bourdieu
and tries to determine what new insights into the concept of strategic maneuvering might be offered by a sociological analysis
of the political field. I analyze a speech made by the President of Romania, Traian Băsescu, following his suspension by Parliament
in April 2007. I suggest that the argument developed in this speech can be regarded as an example of adjudication and I discuss
its specificity as an adjudication in the political field in an electoral campaign. I also try to relate legitimation as political
strategy to strategic maneuvering oriented to meeting the contradictory demands of the political field, which I see—following
Bourdieu—as involving a double political game, a game of democratic representation and a game of power.
相似文献
Isabela Ieţcu-FaircloughEmail: |
188.
R. Veenhoven 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2008,9(3):449-469
Is happiness good for your health? This common notion is tested in a synthetic analysis of 30 follow-up studies on happiness and longevity. It appears that happiness does not predict longevity in sick populations, but that it does predict longevity among healthy populations So, happiness does not cure illness but it does protect against becoming ill. The effect of happiness on longevity in healthy populations is remarkably strong. The size of the effect is comparable to that of smoking or not.If so, public health can also be promoted by policies that aim at greater happiness of a greater number. That can be done by strengthening individual life-abilities and by improving the livability of the social environment. Some policies are proposed. Both ways of promoting health through happiness require more research on conditions for happiness. 相似文献
189.
Heavy metal Muslims: the rise of a post-Islamist public sphere 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mark LeVine 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(3):229-249
This article explores the emergence of new, youth-oriented public spheres in the Middle East and North Africa through the
lens of the burgeoning extreme music scenes across the region. I argue that the seeming incongruity of genres such as extreme
heavy metal or gangsta rap becoming popular in the Muslim world is a reminder of the diversity of contemporary Islam; more
deeply, it reveals that the borders between religious belief and seemingly secular practices in Muslim societies are increasingly
porous, with politically marginalized young metalheads and their more activist religious peers sharing many of the same societal
goals. These are greater autonomy and even democracy, the right for tolerance of divergent views, and the rejection of the
hypocrisy, corruption and authoritarianism of their leaders. I conclude with an analysis of the political implications of
a still tentative rapprochement between ostensibly secular artists and the religious forces who less than a decade ago were
spearheading their persecution, and in some cases prosecution, across the region. 相似文献
190.
Corie J. Hammers 《Sexuality & culture》2008,12(3):151-168
Although the debate between feminism and queer is by now a fairly old and some might argue, trite and overwrought one, in
this paper I direct my attention to a specific feminist assessment of queer that I find to be especially unhelpful and pernicious:
the automatic linkage of queer with the exaltation of a gay male subjectivity. This article is informed by my own ethnographic
research on lesbian/queer public sexual cultures; specifically, two Canadian lesbian/queer bathhouses, where public sex and
sexual exploration are encouraged. I argue that this contention, that lesbians who espouse queer are aping (gay) male sexuality
and subjectivity—due to the privileging of non-normative sexual practices found within the gay male community—does two things:
(re)essentializes genders and sexualities, and, more importantly, robs non-gay male subjects (e.g., women, lesbians, butches,
trans identified individuals) of their own agency. In sum, I believe that this linkage to a supposed gay male imitation, and
concomitantly, viewing lesbian/queer sexual cultures, behaviors, configurations, and signifying sexual economies as mere derivatives of gay male culture, reinforces lesbian/queer invisibility and (re)centers the heterosexual matrix. For the sake of lesbian/queer
subjects’ own viability, lesbian/queer sexualities must thus be pulled out of this discursive trap. 相似文献