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121.
Abraham P. Buunk Thecla M. Brakel Femke T.C. Bennenbroek Heidi E. Stiegelis Robbert Sanderman Alfons C. M. Van den Bergh Mariët Hagedoorn 《欧洲人格杂志》2009,23(6):475-487
The present study examined how the effects of three audiotapes containing different types of social comparison information on the mood of cancer patients depended on the level of neuroticism. On the procedural tape, a man and woman discussed the process of radiation therapy, on the emotion tape, they focussed on emotional reactions to their illness and treatment, while on the coping tape they focussed on the way they had been coping. A validation study among 115 students showed that the tapes were perceived as they were intended. The main study was conducted among 226 patients who were about to undergo radiation therapy. Compared to patients in the control group, as patients were higher in neuroticism, they reported less negative mood after listening to the procedural and the coping tape. Furthermore, as patients were higher in neuroticism, they reported less negative mood after listening to the coping tape than to the emotion tape. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
122.
William Rehg 《Argumentation》2009,23(1):39-59
If arguments are to generate public knowledge, as in the sciences, then they must travel, finding acceptance across a range of local contexts. But not all good arguments travel, whereas some bad arguments do. Under what conditions may we regard the capacity of an argument to travel as a sign of its cogency or public merits? This question is especially interesting for a contextualist approach that wants to remain critically robust: if standards of cogency are bound to local contexts of evaluation, then how may arguments legitimately travel at all? The key to a contextualist conception of cogent travel, I argue, lies in the way local contexts are linked to broader contexts of evaluation by relations of relevance. The burden of the article is to elaborate the different forms these relations can take in the travel of scientific arguments. 相似文献
123.
双性化大学生人格特征研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对北京市某所大学826名大学生的调查,探讨性别、性别角色类型和新性别角色类型对大学生人格特征的影响。结果表明:1)双性化性别角色类型大学生约占1/4;2)用贝姆的分类方法,双性化大学生在开放性、宜人性、责任感、和谐性、人情、灵活性人格特征上均高于其他性别角色类型的大学生,可见,双性化性别角色大学生具有较积极的人格特征。按照Brenda Mae Woodhill和CurtisA.Samuels的分类方法,在外向性、开放性、宜人性、责任感、和谐性人格特征上,正性双性化性别角色类型的大学生均高于负性双性化大学生和其他性别角色类型的大学生。 相似文献
124.
Two laboratory studies investigated how groups may deal with the strong emotions that social dilemmas often elicit. A first study showed that a new group member evaluated guilt communicated by a fellow group member as more instrumental than neutral emotion feedback when the amount of required resources to obtain the public good (i.e., provision point) was perceived as difficult to obtain. A second study revealed that participants use communicated guilt to draw inferences about both past and future contributions from all fellow group members. Participants also contributed more themselves and adhered to equality more often when guilt versus no emotion was communicated, but only when the provision point was high. Expected contributions from fellow group members mediated this effect. 相似文献
125.
Andrew Kenneth Jorgensen 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):133-147
Holistic accounts of meaning normally incorporate a subjective dimension that invites the criticism that they make communication
impossible, for speakers are bound to differ in ways the accounts take to be relevant to meaning, and holism generalises any
difference over some words to a difference about all, and this seems incompatible with the idea that successful communication
requires mutual understanding. I defend holism about meaning from this criticism. I argue that the same combination of properties
(subjective origins of value, holism among values, and ultimate publicity of value) is exhibited by monetary value and take
the emergence of equilibrium prices as a model for the emergence of public meanings.
相似文献
Andrew Kenneth JorgensenEmail: |
126.
Stephen M. Garcia Kimberlee Weaver John M. Darley Bryan T. Spence 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2009,19(2):215-224
Encouraging consumers to engage in helpful behavior is a perennial task of marketers in non-profit and for-profit organizations. Recent research suggests that merely imagining the presence of others can lead to less helping behavior on a subsequent unrelated task (Garcia, S.M., Weaver, K.D., Moskowitz, G.B., and Darley, J.M. (2002). Crowded minds: The implicit bystander effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 843–853.). The present analysis uncovers the boundary conditions of this effect. Across four studies, we establish that the degree to which a group situation fosters public scrutiny is an important moderator. When group primes are paired with public scrutiny, their inhibitive effect on helping behavior diminishes, and helping behavior on a subsequent task tends to increase. The present research thus adds complexity to previous findings by suggesting that implicit bystanders can both decrease and increase helping behavior. 相似文献
127.
Gordon Hull 《Continental Philosophy Review》2009,42(1):81-100
In U.S. v.
American Library Association (2003), the Supreme Court upheld the Child Internet Protection Act (CIPA), which mandated that libraries receiving federal
funding for public Internet access install content-filtering programs on computers which provide that access. These programs
analyze incoming content, and block the receipt of objectionable material, in particular pornography. Thus, patrons at public
libraries are protected from unintentionally (or intentionally) accessing objectionable material, and, in the case of minors,
from accessing potentially damaging material. At least, that is the official story. In this paper, I develop three points.
(1) I argue that CIPA and ALA are better read as examples of the enforcement of a regime of normative sexuality. The question of minors accessing pornography
is only relevant to the official story insofar as it provides a rhetorically persuasive example of deviance from that normative
regime. CIPAs full target includes information about topics such as homosexuality and contraception. (2) Rather than (or in
addition to) punishing deviances directly, CIPA attempts to constitute a “public” in which such deviancy can never occur in
the first place. Hence, the designation of a “public” space serves to domesticate alternative sexualities and to sanitize
that space of sexual difference. (3) This interaction at the border of the public and private spheres offers an opportunity
to reflect on and underscore the ways that subject formation and subjectivity are mediated through technological artifacts
like the Internet.
相似文献
Gordon HullEmail: |
128.
Mark Moller 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(2):131-145
Many who believe that human embryos have moral status are convinced that their use in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research
can be morally justified as long as they are discarded embryos left over from fertility treatments. This is one reason why
this view about discarded embryos has played such a prominent role in the debate over publicly funding hESC research in the
United States and other countries. Many believe that this view offers the best chance of a compromise between the different
sides in this debate. This paper focuses on what seems to be the most plausible argument for this view about discarded embryos.
It shows that this argument is unsound regardless of how one understands the claim that embryos have moral status. It also
discusses the implications of this conclusion for attempts to use this argument as a basis for public policy.
相似文献
Mark MollerEmail: |
129.
130.
Eavesdropping can be defined as the extraction of information from the interactions between other individuals. It provides
a relatively cheap way of gathering relevant information for fitness enhancement. Here, we propose that obligate avian brood
parasites, which always lay their eggs in foreign nests of individuals of other species, may eavesdrop on their host sexual
signals to locate nests of high quality individuals in which to lay their parasitic eggs. Sexual signal variation can honestly
signal parental quality. Thus, by eavesdropping on sexual signals, parasites may select high quality foster parents for their
own offspring. Such a use of sexual signals within host populations by brood parasites differs from signal exploitation theory
that proposes that parasite only use signals to locate potential host independently from signaller quality. Here, we review
the avian literature concerning host choice within a host species by obligate avian brood parasites and find evidence for
host selection within individuals of a host species on the basis of cues potentially functioning as sexually selected traits,
or at least revealing parental abilities. We have also found support for the existence of benefits linked to host selection
by avian brood parasites. Finally, one study reported on the attenuation of a sexual ornament in host populations under strong
pressure by brood parasites. Most of these findings have been interpreted as evidence for host selection by avian brood parasites
based on the conspicuousness of sexual signals. We suggest, however, that these findings may in fact reveal eavesdropping
on host signalling performance by brood parasites which would use the information extracted to choose the better individuals
among conspecifics of a given host. This provides a new perspective for the study of host selection in obligate brood parasites,
and raises interesting questions for the study of animal cognition that would deserve experimental studies. 相似文献