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211.
Abstract Two studies were conducted using the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), an instrument that measures the role orientations of patients. In the first, 297 students responded to a pool of 61 items concerning their attitudes about doctor-patient relationships (e.g., about power-sharing and the importance of physicians' supportiveness). The scale was reduced, and associations between PPOS scores and gender, race, country of origin as well as Health Locus of Control were found. In Study 2, 90 additional students filled out the PPOS, read two doctor-patient scenarios, and rated their satisfaction as if they had been the patient. In one, the physician exhibited a controlling style, and in the other a more open style. As predicted, patient-centered physicians generated higher satisfaction, and patients were most satisfied with a physician whose style matched their own role orientation. These studies suggest the potential usefulness of the PPOS as an indicator of patient attitudes and doctor-patient fit, and as an predictor of visit satisfaction. 相似文献
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Daniel M. Albert 《Science as culture》2013,22(3):327-351
Lay participation in the deliberation of techno-scientific issues has become an important objective of policy making in many countries. Using the example of a series of Round Table discussions dealing with genome research allows us to analyse the ways in which the participants of this event construct their arguments during the discussion. Explaining the observed discursive strategies we focus on performative aspects of the deliberation process. In such a way it is taken into account how the setting of a given participatory process influences the ways in which participants are enrolled and enact their participation accordingly. In the analysed case, the setting was not taken as a given, but public participation and its discursive framework became itself subject to negotiation during the process. Hence, the discursive power of individual experiences and the legitimacy of personal interests as the argumentative basis were negotiated during the Round Table discussions. The participants only rarely grounded their statements in practical knowledge and individual experiences. Instead we saw them performing other discursive repertoires, e.g. drawing on societal benefits. Individual perspectives were often transcended and articulated in the form of super-individual arguments which endowed participants' statements with substantial discursive power and provided an alternative rationale for contributing to the deliberation without explicit reference to personal experiences. More broadly, the observed reluctance of the participants to speak-up for their personal interests can be seen as a result of a political culture that favours the advancement of de-individualised perspectives in public deliberation. 相似文献
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Catharina Landström Richard Hauxwell-Baldwin Irene Lorenzoni Tee Rogers-Hayden 《Science as culture》2013,22(3):276-298
AbstractFrequent claims that publics ‘misunderstand’ science ignore the contested definition of scientific uncertainty itself. Scientific uncertainty means different things in the natural sciences, social sciences and the humanities, while public controversies show that interpretations of scientific uncertainty have different implications for policy and decision-making. This prompts analysis of the ways that experts view scientific uncertainty and how they characterise the (mis)understandings of this uncertainty by policy-makers, media and publics. Experts from diverse academic fields define scientific uncertainty differently depending on their disciplinary background. For example, mathematics provides experts from the natural sciences with a practice language that facilitates communication with those sharing this cultural competence, but it does not suffice for engaging with wider audiences. Further, experts’ views of diverse publics come across as folk theories, in Arie Rip's terms, which, compiled from disparate pieces of information, can be used to fill a gap in the knowledge about publics. 相似文献
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This chapter examines the role of leadership in overcoming social dilemmas within groups. First, based on prior theorising and research we present two alternative perspectives on leader endorsement in social dilemmas, an instrumental and a relational perspective. Next, we systematically compare these perspectives in a series of experiments investigating leadership in social dilemmas created within small groups in the laboratory. The results of our studies suggest that when their personal identity is salient, group members more strongly endorse leaders who are perceived to be instrumental in solving the freerider problem. In contrast, when a social identity is salient, members more strongly endorse leaders who fulfil their relational needs. Based on these findings we propose a differential needs model of leader endorsement in social dilemmas. 相似文献
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名人与产品一致性对名人广告效果影响的实验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本研究通过实验考察了名人与产品的一致性对名人广告效果的影响,结果表明,名人为高档商品做广告时,广告效果优于非名人广告效果,为低档商品做广告时,非名人广告效果优于名人广告效果,进一步分析表明,受众相信名人使用广告中商品的可能性是制约名人广告效果的重要心理机制。 相似文献
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虚拟学习有效性的影响因素研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本研究以68名参加过国际远程合作课程的MBA学员为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法对虚拟条件下学习有效性的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:学员特点、效能感、对虚拟学习的态度、技术可靠性、媒体丰富性、虚拟团队支持和虚拟学习有效性不同程度地存在显著相关;回归分析显示,对虚拟学习的态度是虚拟学习有效性的一个重要影响因素,另外,一般自我效能感会对课程有效性产生影响.而技术效能感对总体有效性有影响;虚拟团队的学习环境支持对虚拟有效性产生影响。 相似文献
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