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111.
采用"小学生写作态度量表(自编)"与<小学生作文六项评定量表>,对小学生写作态度与写作成绩及其关系进行研究.结果表明,小学生写作态度的主要维度包括:认知、情感和意动;写作态度与写作成绩呈显著正相关,而情感因素是写作成绩的最重要的预测变量;在写作态度与成绩上存在性别、年级、写作水平的显著差异. 相似文献
112.
113.
William Rehg 《Argumentation》2009,23(1):39-59
If arguments are to generate public knowledge, as in the sciences, then they must travel, finding acceptance across a range of local contexts. But not all good arguments travel, whereas some bad arguments do. Under what conditions may we regard the capacity of an argument to travel as a sign of its cogency or public merits? This question is especially interesting for a contextualist approach that wants to remain critically robust: if standards of cogency are bound to local contexts of evaluation, then how may arguments legitimately travel at all? The key to a contextualist conception of cogent travel, I argue, lies in the way local contexts are linked to broader contexts of evaluation by relations of relevance. The burden of the article is to elaborate the different forms these relations can take in the travel of scientific arguments. 相似文献
114.
Two laboratory studies investigated how groups may deal with the strong emotions that social dilemmas often elicit. A first study showed that a new group member evaluated guilt communicated by a fellow group member as more instrumental than neutral emotion feedback when the amount of required resources to obtain the public good (i.e., provision point) was perceived as difficult to obtain. A second study revealed that participants use communicated guilt to draw inferences about both past and future contributions from all fellow group members. Participants also contributed more themselves and adhered to equality more often when guilt versus no emotion was communicated, but only when the provision point was high. Expected contributions from fellow group members mediated this effect. 相似文献
115.
Andrew Kenneth Jorgensen 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):133-147
Holistic accounts of meaning normally incorporate a subjective dimension that invites the criticism that they make communication
impossible, for speakers are bound to differ in ways the accounts take to be relevant to meaning, and holism generalises any
difference over some words to a difference about all, and this seems incompatible with the idea that successful communication
requires mutual understanding. I defend holism about meaning from this criticism. I argue that the same combination of properties
(subjective origins of value, holism among values, and ultimate publicity of value) is exhibited by monetary value and take
the emergence of equilibrium prices as a model for the emergence of public meanings.
相似文献
Andrew Kenneth JorgensenEmail: |
116.
Stephen M. Garcia Kimberlee Weaver John M. Darley Bryan T. Spence 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2009,19(2):215-224
Encouraging consumers to engage in helpful behavior is a perennial task of marketers in non-profit and for-profit organizations. Recent research suggests that merely imagining the presence of others can lead to less helping behavior on a subsequent unrelated task (Garcia, S.M., Weaver, K.D., Moskowitz, G.B., and Darley, J.M. (2002). Crowded minds: The implicit bystander effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 843–853.). The present analysis uncovers the boundary conditions of this effect. Across four studies, we establish that the degree to which a group situation fosters public scrutiny is an important moderator. When group primes are paired with public scrutiny, their inhibitive effect on helping behavior diminishes, and helping behavior on a subsequent task tends to increase. The present research thus adds complexity to previous findings by suggesting that implicit bystanders can both decrease and increase helping behavior. 相似文献
117.
Jennie Louise 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(4):345-364
The ‘Wrong Kind of Reason’ problem for buck-passing theories (theories which hold that the normative is explanatorily or conceptually
prior to the evaluative) is to explain why the existence of pragmatic or strategic reasons for some response to an object
does not suffice to ground evaluative claims about that object. The only workable reply seems to be to deny that there are reasons of the ‘wrong kind’ for responses, and to argue that these are really reasons for wanting, trying, or intending to
have that response. In support of this, it is pointed out that awareness of pragmatic or strategic considerations, unlike
awareness of reasons of the ‘right kind’, are never sufficient by themselves to produce the responses for which they are reasons.
I argue that this phenomenon cannot be used as a criterion for distinguishing reasons-for-a-response from reasons-for-wanting-to-have-a-response.
I subsequently investigate the possibility of basing this distinction on a claim that the responses in question (e.g. admiration
or desire) are themselves inherently normative; I conclude that this approach is also unsuccessful. Hence, the ‘direct response’
phenomenon cannot be used to rule out the possibility of pragmatic or strategic reasons for responses; and the rejection of
such reasons therefore cannot be used to circumvent the Wrong Kind of Reason Problem.
相似文献
Jennie LouiseEmail: |
118.
Gordon Hull 《Continental Philosophy Review》2009,42(1):81-100
In U.S. v.
American Library Association (2003), the Supreme Court upheld the Child Internet Protection Act (CIPA), which mandated that libraries receiving federal
funding for public Internet access install content-filtering programs on computers which provide that access. These programs
analyze incoming content, and block the receipt of objectionable material, in particular pornography. Thus, patrons at public
libraries are protected from unintentionally (or intentionally) accessing objectionable material, and, in the case of minors,
from accessing potentially damaging material. At least, that is the official story. In this paper, I develop three points.
(1) I argue that CIPA and ALA are better read as examples of the enforcement of a regime of normative sexuality. The question of minors accessing pornography
is only relevant to the official story insofar as it provides a rhetorically persuasive example of deviance from that normative
regime. CIPAs full target includes information about topics such as homosexuality and contraception. (2) Rather than (or in
addition to) punishing deviances directly, CIPA attempts to constitute a “public” in which such deviancy can never occur in
the first place. Hence, the designation of a “public” space serves to domesticate alternative sexualities and to sanitize
that space of sexual difference. (3) This interaction at the border of the public and private spheres offers an opportunity
to reflect on and underscore the ways that subject formation and subjectivity are mediated through technological artifacts
like the Internet.
相似文献
Gordon HullEmail: |
119.
Mark Moller 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(2):131-145
Many who believe that human embryos have moral status are convinced that their use in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research
can be morally justified as long as they are discarded embryos left over from fertility treatments. This is one reason why
this view about discarded embryos has played such a prominent role in the debate over publicly funding hESC research in the
United States and other countries. Many believe that this view offers the best chance of a compromise between the different
sides in this debate. This paper focuses on what seems to be the most plausible argument for this view about discarded embryos.
It shows that this argument is unsound regardless of how one understands the claim that embryos have moral status. It also
discusses the implications of this conclusion for attempts to use this argument as a basis for public policy.
相似文献
Mark MollerEmail: |
120.