排序方式: 共有118条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
41.
Peter K. Jonason Minna Lyons Emily J. Bethell Rahael Ross 《Personality and individual differences》2013
A fundamental observation regarding the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) is that they are all associated with limited empathy. However, little is known about these relationships beyond some basics. In this study (N = 352), we asked three questions. What is the nature of the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and empathy? Does limited empathy account for sex differences in the Dark Triad? Are men and women low on empathy through different personality traits? The Dark Triad traits were all related to low levels of empathy even when controlling for the shared variance among the traits. Empathy rates mediated sex differences in different aspects of the Dark Triad but not others. Low empathy rates were related to narcissism in women but psychopathy in men, suggesting different routes to limited empathy for men and women high on the Dark Triad. 相似文献
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The current work investigated how a fictitious opposite-sex narcissist, Machiavellian, and psychopath are perceived in an experimental between subjects-design with three groups (total N = 184). Participants rated personality traits (Big Five and Agency/Communion) and different domains of interpersonal attraction (likeability, attractiveness, friend value, short-term mate value, long-term mate value) of the target persons. While all three target persons were not perceived particularly favorably by participants, the narcissist was consistently perceived more favorably than the Machiavellian and the psychopath who were perceived quite similarly to each other. It is discussed why narcissists may be judged more favorably and Machiavellians and psychopaths converge in people’s lay perceptions. 相似文献
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Robert J. Snowden Nicola S. Gray Sally Pugh Gemma Atkinson 《Personality and individual differences》2013
Some aspects of executive function are thought to be dysfunctional in psychopathic individuals. We administered a small battery of neuropsychological tests (spatial alternation task, object alternation task, and Porteus Maze) to two samples of college students and obtained a measure of psychopathy via a self-report questionnaire. Psychopathic traits were related to the tests of object alternation and Porteus Maze but not to the spatial alternation task. Our results support the hypothesis of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction with sparing of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in psychopathy and provide a downward extension of this theory to sub-clinical levels of psychopathy. 相似文献
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《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(3):19-31
Abstract The Intensive Treatment Program for Sexual Offenders (ITPSO) at the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) provides cognitive-behavioral group treatment to federally incarcerated sex offenders. Follow-up data for 81 of these men were examined, looking at psychopathy and childhood maltreatment history as potential predictors of recidivism using Survival Analysis. Offenders who had been placed in foster care as a child were more likely to recidivate; however when PCL-R Factor 2 scores (a history of antisocial behavior) were entered, they predicted over and above foster care history. Childhood physical abuse predicted sexual recidivism; however, childhood sexual abuse and PCL-R scores did not predict sexual recidivism. PCL-R Factor 2 scores predicted violent recidivism. 相似文献
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Kathrin Weidacker Seb Whiteford Frederic Boy 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2017,70(3):473-487
The current study utilizes the parametric go/no-go task (PGNG), a task that examines changes in inhibitory performance as executive function load increases, to examine the link between psychopathic traits, impulsivity, and response inhibition in a cohort of healthy participants. The results show that as executive function load increased, inhibitory ability decreased. High scores on the Cognitive Complexity subscale of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS–11) predict poor inhibitory ability in the PGNG. Similarly, high scores on the Psychopathy Personality Inventory–Revised (PPI–R) Blame Externalization subscale predict response inhibition deficits in the PGNG, which loads more on the executive functions than the standard go/no-go task. The remaining BIS–11 as well as PPI–R subscales did not interact with inhibitory performance in the PGNG highlighting the specificity of associations between aspects of personality and impulsivity with inhibitory performance as cognitive load is increased. These data point towards the sensitivity of the PGNG in studying response inhibition in the context of highly impulsive populations and its utility as a measure of impulsivity. 相似文献
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Keita Masui Shouichi IriguchiMichio Nomura Mitsuhiro Ura 《Personality and individual differences》2011,51(7):823-828
We are often willing to incur personal costs in order to punish people that violate group norms. Previous studies have suggested that high-psychopathy participants may engage in more such “altruistic punishment behaviors” than those with lower levels of psychopathy. Although this finding could suggest that psychopathy is in fact associated with prosocial behavior, high-psychopathy participants show clear evidence of various decision-making and emotional deficits. It is therefore possible that the increased altruistic punishment behavior observed in psychopathy participants is in some fashion related to such deficits. To address this possibility, we administered the altruistic punishment paradigm to a group of university students with low and high levels of psychopathy (N = 50). We found that high-psychopathy participants (n = 24) gave defectors significantly more punishment than did low psychopathy participants (n = 26), under personally costly conditions. Furthermore, a mediational analysis revealed that the amount of altruistic punishment administered completely mediated the relationship between primary psychopathy and a person’s emotional gratification subsequent to performing the altruistic punishment behavior. These findings suggest that while high psychopathy participants do appear to engage in greater levels of altruistic punishment behavior, they may do this largely for their own emotional gratification. 相似文献
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The idea of the organisational psychopath has become not only popular in recent times, but increasingly relevant, thanks to the alleged role of high-profile members of the commercial sector in the global recession. To test the proposition that self-reported sub-clinical psychopathy might be disproportionately more common amongst those people electing to study commerce/business at University, 903 first-year students enrolled in a range of academic degrees completed a survey containing Levenson’s Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995) and Paulhus’ (1991) Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. Even after accounting for social desirability, commerce students reported higher levels of primary psychopathy than other students, regardless of sex. 相似文献
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R.A. Richell D.G.V. Mitchell K.S. Peschardt J.S. Winston A. Leonard R.J. Dolan R.J.R. Blair 《Personality and individual differences》2005,38(8):1735-1744
Psychopathy is a disorder linked to impairments in social cognition. Individuals with psychopathy and comparison individuals, as defined by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised (Hare, 1991), completed a task requiring complex social judgments. Participants viewed a series of male faces, and made judgments concerning how trustworthy they considered the person pictured to be and the degree to which each face was displaying specific emotions. Judgments of trustworthiness did not differ between the individuals with psychopathy and the comparison individuals. Trustworthiness judgments of the faces negatively correlated with, in particular, ratings of anger in the faces for both groups of participants. The data are discussed with reference to the neural systems, including the amygdala, considered to be involved in the mediation of task performance and also neuro-cognitive models of psychopathy. 相似文献