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971.
Sound attenuation and preferred music in the treatment of problem behavior maintained by escape from noise
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![点击此处可从《Journal of applied behavior analysis》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Tracy L. Kettering Wayne W. Fisher Michael E. Kelley Robert H. LaRue 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2018,51(3):687-693
We examined the extent to which different sounds functioned as motivating operations (MO) that evoked problem behavior during a functional analysis for two participants. Results suggested that escape from loud noises reinforced the problem behavior for one participant and escape from arguing reinforced problem behavior for the other participant. Noncontingent delivery of preferred music through sound‐attenuating headphones decreased problem behavior without the use of extinction for both participants. We discuss the results in terms of the abolishing effects of the intervention. 相似文献
972.
Exploration of Prelicensed Counselors’ Experiences Prioritizing Information for Clinical Supervision
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![点击此处可从《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
This qualitative study explored prelicensed counselors’ experiences prioritizing information for clinical supervision. Through phenomenological interviews, 7 counselors seeking licensure discussed how they self‐report salient information to their supervisors. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the authors identified 3 themes: (a) learned to maximize supervision based on structure of supervision, (b) influences on decision to present, and (c) rationale for presenting client case. Implications for counselors and supervisors are discussed. 相似文献
973.
Nicola Mößner 《International Journal of Philosophical Studies》2018,26(2):205-220
AbstractWhy do we trust TV news? What reasons might support a recipient’s assessment of the trustworthiness of this kind of information? This paper presents a veritistic analysis of the epistemic practice of news production and communication. The topic is approached by discussing a detailed case study, namely the characteristics of the most popular German news programme, called the ‘Tagesschau’. It will be shown that a veritistic analysis can indeed provide a recipient with relevant reasons to consider when pondering on the trustworthiness of sources of information. Moreover, it will turn out that these reasons are part of what recipients might gather from media literacy. 相似文献
974.
Positional Goods and the Social Rank Hypothesis: Income Inequality Affects Online Chatter about High‐ and Low‐Status Brands on Twitter
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![点击此处可从《Journal of Consumer Psychology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
According to a social rank hypothesis, consumers who live in regions with higher income inequality will show greater interest in, and attention toward, positional goods and high‐status brands that serve a social signaling role. We analyze millions of posts on the microblogging platform Twitter for mentions of high‐ and low‐status brands. We find that luxury brands such as “Louis Vuitton” and “Rolex” are more frequently mentioned in tweets originating from US states, counties, and major metropolitan areas with higher levels of income inequality. In contrast, mentions of everyday brands such as “Walmart” or “Kmart” are more frequent in regions with a more equal distribution of income. Using sentiment analysis, we find higher valence (positivity) and arousal (excitement) for tweets that both mention high‐status brands and originate from regions with high levels of income inequality. These results corroborate the social rank hypothesis, showing that more psychological resources are allocated to positional consumption when the income gap between the rich and the poor is larger. 相似文献
975.
“It's ok if it's hidden”: The discursive construction of everyday racism for refugees and asylum seekers in Wales
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![点击此处可从《Journal of community & applied social psychology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Samuel Parker 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2018,28(3):111-122
Wales has a long history of migration; however, the introduction of dispersed asylum seekers in 2001 has led to Wales becoming a more superdiverse nation. Wales has often been positioned as a more “tolerant nation” than England; however, the increasingly superdiverse nature of Wales in a postdevolution era may now be calling this tolerance thesis into question. Models of refugee and asylum seeker integration suggest that the absence of racism plays a key role in integration. This paper reports the findings of research that centres on refugee and asylum seeker integration in Wales. Nineteen interviews were conducted with refugees and asylum seekers who had been living in Wales for between 1 month and 12 years. Each interview was analysed using a discursive psychology approach. In this paper, I show that the interviewees appeared to negotiate a dilemma when talking about experiencing potentially racist incidents within the interviews, constructing them as trivial so as not to appear critical of the protection they have received in Wales. The findings also highlight the more everyday and banal forms of racism that are regularly experienced by refugees and asylum seekers living in Wales. 相似文献
976.
Alexandre Heeren Emily E. Bernstein Richard J. McNally 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2018,31(3):262-276
Background and objectives: For decades, the dominant paradigm in trait anxiety research has regarded the construct as signifying the underlying cause of the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that supposedly reflect its presence. Recently, a network theory of personality has appeared. According to this perspective, trait anxiety is a formative construct emerging from interactions among its constitutive features (e.g., thought, feelings, behaviors); it is not a latent cause of these features.Design: In this study, we characterized trait anxiety as a network system of interacting elements.Methods: To do so, we estimated a graphical gaussian model via the computation of a regularized partial correlation network in an unselected sample (N?=?611). We also implemented modularity-based community detection analysis to test whether the features of trait anxiety cohere as a single network system.Results: We find that trait anxiety can indeed be conceptualized as a single, coherent network system of interacting elements.Conclusions: This radically new approach to visualizing trait anxiety may offer an especially informative view of the interplay between its constitutive features. As prior research has implicated trait anxiety as a risk factor for the development of anxiety-related psychopathology, our findings also set the scene for novel research directions. 相似文献
977.
B. Houbre M.-L. Costantini J. Pouchot C. Tarquinio L. Muller 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(1):35-43
Introduction
Celiac disease is estimated to affect between 1 in 100 and 1 in 300 Caucasian subjects. Many quantitative studies have explored the issues encountered by these subjects; however, few studies have addressed the subjective and experiential dimensions of celiac disease.Objective
The objective of this qualitative exploratory study is to expand current knowledge concerning the subjective experience of celiac disease and of a gluten-free diet in subjects diagnosed with celiac disease in adulthood.Method
Data was collected through non-directive interviews with 14 subjects aged between 28 and 53 (M = 41.7, SD = 7.48).Results
An interpretive phenomenological analysis identified various themes related to the experience of illness: (1) history of the disease, (2) symptoms, (3) nutrition, (4) perception of medical experiences, (5) relationships with family and friends, (6) psychological implications, and (7) consequences for daily living.Conclusion
The results show the importance of developing a “mythology” (concerning the disease's origin) to enable the inclusion of the condition in the individual's on-going personal story. 相似文献978.
979.
Introduction
Interpretative phenomenological analysis is a qualitative discourse analysis method that has sprung up much research in psychology over the past 20 years. Grounded in phenomenology, idiography and hermeneutics, this research strategy strongly suits the understanding of individuals lived experience and their sense making of life events.Objective
This paper aims at offering a practical illustration of IPA based on a psychosocial study regarding difficult medical decisions in oncology.Results
Applied to the case of a surgeon, the different steps of IPA were useful to shed light on the interpersonal (relationships with patients) and social (expectations due to the physician's medical speciality) dynamics at stake in the complex experience of this professional practice.Conclusion
IPA is a fruitful methodological tool for revealing the psychosocial dynamics of behaviour and offering a psychosocial interpretation of their meaning from an individual's point of view. 相似文献980.
Leslie J. Francis David W. Lankshear Emma L. Eccles 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》2018,23(1):30-44
This study employs a modified form of the Fisher 16-item Feeling Good, Living Life measure of spiritual well-being (assessing quality of relationships across four domains: self, family, nature and God) among a sample of 1,328 students drawn from year five and year six classes within Church in Wales primary schools, alongside measures of frequency of worship attendance and frequency of personal prayer. The data demonstrate frequency of personal prayer is a much stronger predictor than frequency of worship attendance in respect of spiritual well-being. This finding is consistent with the view that personal prayer is a key factor in the formation of individual spirituality. 相似文献