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111.
Using cluster analysis to combine specific adaptive measures related to mastery motivation (intrinsic motivation, self-adequacy, and locus of control), a total of 654 high school students were placed into distinct adaptive motivation groups. Mean scores on a variety of self-reported and peer-reported measures of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and academic functioning were compared across the groups. Results found that youth in the “high adaptive” motivation group reported significantly higher global and family satisfaction, self-esteem, interpersonal relations, grade-point average and school belonging, and significantly lower depression, anxiety and social stress than youth in the other two motivation groups. Peer-reported prosocial and academic behaviors were significantly related to higher levels of adaptive motivation. Collectively, these findings suggest a number of psychological, social, and academic benefits that are associated with incremental levels of adaptive motivation. The implications of these findings for research and practice conclude the paper. 相似文献
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The American and Canadian standardization samples for the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were
used to ascertain the prevalence of “seemingly anomalous” Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores for all possible sums of scaled scores
combinations of the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index.
About 1% of FSIQ scores in both samples were anomalous (that is, fell outside the range of the four indices). Interestingly,
the prevalence of anomalous scores was higher at the extremes of the FSIQ distribution. Moreover, anomalous FSIQ scores occurring
above or below the mean of the FSIQ distribution (that is, 100) were larger or smaller, respectively, than any of the four
indices. Furthermore, if the range of the four indices did contain the FSIQ (the non-anomalous case), when the FSIQ was below
or above 100 it tended to be located distally in the half-segment of the range furthest below or above 100, respectively.
A non-technical intuitive analogy from Olympic sports and a statistical explanation for the findings are provided. Important
implications for practitioners are also presented.
Portions of this paper were presented March 17, 2006 at the 20th annual Joseph R. Royce Research Conference, Department of
Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 相似文献
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116.
Benjamin van Gelderen Marc van Veldhoven Marcel Croon 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2007,71(3):446-459
The authors examined the relationship between psychological strain, emotional dissonance and emotional job demands during a working day of 65 Dutch (military) police officers, using a 5-day diary design. We hypothesized that emotional dissonance partly mediated the relationship between psychological strain at the start and at the end of a work shift. We also tested the mediating role of emotional dissonance between emotional job demands and psychological strain at the end of a work shift. Results of structural equation modeling analyses showed that psychological strain at the start of a work shift had a positive effect on the experience of emotional dissonance and psychological strain at the end of a work shift. Emotional dissonance partly mediated the relationship between psychological strain at the start and psychological strain at the end of a work shift. Results are discussed in light of conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation). 相似文献
117.
Preliminary evidence that acute and chronic daily psychological stress affect sexual arousal in sexually functional women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is assumed that psychological stress may inhibit sexual arousal in women. Research on the effect of (acute and chronic) psychological stressors on genital and subjective sexual arousal, however, is scarce. To investigate whether psychological stressors indeed inhibit sexual responding, sexually functional women were randomly assigned to an experimental condition (n=30) in which acute psychological stress was induced by a frustrating computer task or a control condition (n=29). After the acute psychological stress or control induction women were exposed to an erotic stimulus. Genital sexual arousal was assessed using vaginal photoplethysmography. Self-report ratings of subjective sexual arousal were collected after the erotic stimulus. Furthermore, women were post hoc divided into a 'low' and a 'high' chronic stress group, based on their pre-assessment scores on a chronic daily stress questionnaire. As predicted, it was found that women in the acute stress condition responded with lower levels of genital and subjective sexual arousal to an erotic stimulus than women in the control condition. In addition, women with high levels of chronic stress responded with lower levels of genital sexual arousal to an erotic stimulus than women with low levels of chronic stress. Chronic stress did not affect the level of subjective sexual arousal. 相似文献
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119.
Bobbi R. Walling Rosemary S. L. Mills Wendy S. Freeman 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(5):642-659
Psychological control is a pattern of parenting that is intrusive and manipulative of children's thoughts, feelings, and attachment
to parents. Although little is known about the determinants of psychological control, it has been linked to the psychological
status of the parent. We hypothesized that several parenting cognitions reflecting personal concerns would be associated with
the use of psychological control: low perceived control, sensitivity to hurt, and a disapproving attitude to negative emotion.
We also examined moderating associations with child temperament and child gender. Participants were 198 mothers and fathers
of 3- and 4-year-olds (106 boys, 92 girls; M age = 4.10 years, SD = 0.26). Parents completed self- and spouse-report measures of psychological control, rated their child's temperamental characteristics,
and completed measures of parenting cognitions. Predictions were generally supported for two of the three cognitions. Sensitivity
to hurt and disapproval of negative emotion were associated with more frequent reported use of psychological control. There
were some moderating effects of child characteristics. 相似文献
120.
Dustin B. Wygant Lana I. Boutacoff Paul A. Arbisi Yossef S. Ben-Porath Peter H. Kelly William M. Rupp 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(3):197-205
The current study examined the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales (Tellegen et al., MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales: Development, validation, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003) in a sample of 1,091 bariatric surgery candidates. The RC scales were
developed to address concerns about limited discriminant validity of the Clinical scales. Internal consistency and external
validity analyses were conducted to evaluate the RC scales in this setting. Results indicated that the RC scales are generally
more internally consistent than the Clinical scales and display significantly better convergent and discriminant validity
in predicting a variety of behavioral, psychological, and developmental variables relevant to preoperative bariatric psychological
evaluations. Implications of the results and recommendations for future research with the RC scales in medical settings are
discussed. 相似文献