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131.
Using longitudinal data (N = 220), we examined the contribution of perceived organizational support and four mindsets of organizational commitment (affective, normative, perceived sacrifice associated with leaving and perceived lack of alternatives) to employee psychological well-being. In order to assess the contribution of support and commitment independently from workplace stressors, we controlled for the effects of role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload. Analyses showed affective organizational commitment to mediate a positive relationship between perceived organizational support and well-being. In addition, perceived organizational support negatively related to perceived lack of employment alternatives which, in turn, was negatively related to well-being. Normative commitment and perceived sacrifice associated with leaving were unrelated to well-being. The implications of these findings are discussed under the lenses of social exchange and conservation of resources theories. 相似文献
132.
Daniel Giberman 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(2):297-311
Tyler Burge has recently argued that quasi-memory-based psychological reductionist accounts of diachronic personal identity
are deeply problematic. According to Burge, these accounts either fail to include appropriately de se elements or presuppose
facts about diachronic personal identity—facts of the very kind that the accounts are supposed to explain. Neither of these
objections is compelling. The first is based in confusion about the version of reductionism to which it putatively applies.
The second loses its force when we recognize that reductionism is a metaphysical thesis, not an epistemological one.
相似文献
Daniel GibermanEmail: |
133.
Mark Balaguer 《Synthese》2009,168(1):1-21
This paper considers the empirical evidence that we currently have for various kinds of determinism that might be relevant
to the thesis that human beings possess libertarian free will. Libertarianism requires a very strong version of indeterminism,
so it can be refuted not just by universal determinism, but by some much weaker theses as well. However, it is argued that
at present, we have no good reason to believe even these weak deterministic views and, hence, no good reason—at least from
this quarter—to doubt that we are libertarian free. In particular, the paper responds to various arguments for neural and
psychological determinism, arguments based on the work of people like Honderich, Tegmark, Libet, Velmans, Wegner, and Festinger. 相似文献
134.
Within the context of the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, we developed a general theoretical framework for deciding when it is more efficient to process two tasks in serial and when it is more efficient to process them in parallel. This analysis suggests that a serial mode is more efficient than a parallel mode under a wide variety of conditions and thereby suggests that ubiquitous evidence of serial processing in PRP tasks could result from performance optimization rather than from a structural bottleneck. The analysis further suggests that the experimenter-selected distribution of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) influences the relative efficiency of the serial and parallel modes, with a preponderance of short SOAs favoring a parallel mode. Experiments varying the distribution of SOAs were conducted, and the results suggest that there is a shift from a more serial mode to a more parallel mode as the likelihood of short SOAs increases. 相似文献
135.
Anne E. Brodsky 《American journal of community psychology》2009,44(3-4):176-187
The study of positive outcomes associated with strong psychological sense of community (PSOC) has grown worldwide. Yet most research explores PSOC as a uni-dimensional (positive) variable operating in a single referent community. Theoretical and empirical literature has suggested, however, that PSOC can be positive, neutral or negative (Brodsky in J Commun Psychol 24(4):347–363, 1996; Brodsky et al. in Psychological sense of community: Research, applications and implications. Kluwer, New York 2002) and since people live in multiple physical and relational communities, there may be multiple PSOCs (M-PSOC) operating simultaneously and interactively (Brodsky and Marx in J Commun Psychol 29(2):1–18, 2001). This paper explores the operation of M-PSOC in the lives of Afghan women, and male supporters, who belonged to a resistance organization before, during and after the Taliban regime. Decisions to join and stay in this community can be explained, in part, through the differentiation of positive, organizational-level PSOC from negative, macro-community-level PSOC. In addition, M-PSOC suggests unique cultural meanings of the terms “community” and “choice.” Findings have implications for cross-cultural community work and for fostering resilient sub-communities in the face of macro and societal-level risks and oppression. 相似文献
136.
This article attempts to provide a conceptual framework placing anxiety in a personal growth perspective. The authors first
discuss two different theories of anxiety, review some structural models of anxiety, and stress that anxiety should be studied
as a certain kind of relation or interaction between the subject and her stimuli. Then a challenge-and-response model of normal
anxiety of its cognitive components is established, which sorts anxiety into heteronomous one and autonomic one, and supposes
that heteronomous anxiety includes two dimensions: the fall between the level of external challenge and the level of self
challenge, and the importance of the external challenge. Some related evidences for the preceding hypothesis are examined,
and then compared with related models. Finally, based on the model, a valid coping strategy of anxiety was put forward, from
which the mechanism of normal coping style of anxiety in daily life can be well understood. 相似文献
137.
Amiram Raviv Keren Sharvit Alona Raviv Shiran Rosenblat-Stein 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(2):151-162
We investigated the gap between parents’ willingness to seek help for their children and their willingness to refer other
parents to help, and the relationship of this gap to gender. Two hundred and eleven parent couples with elementary-school
children reported their willingness to seek help from professional and informal sources for a hypothetical problem with their
child, and their willingness to refer a friend’s child with an identical problem to similar help. Attitudes toward help seeking
and parental behaviors were also measured. Findings revealed that parents were more willing to refer a friend’s child to professional
help than they were to seek such help for their own child, although no gap was found regarding informal help. No gender differences
were found regarding willingness to seek help or to refer another, although gender was related to variables that predicted
help seeking. 相似文献
138.
Fernando Gutiérrez Josep M. Peri Xavier Torres Xavier Caseras Manuel Valdés 《Journal of research in personality》2007
Serious problems persist concerning the conceptualization and measurement of the coping construct. This study examines the properties and factor structure of the COPE questionnaire, one of the most widely used instruments to measure coping, in a sample of 471 patients. A series of exploratory factor procedures are applied at the item- and scale-level, and the resulting solutions are tested both by their congruence with previously published structures and by confirmatory techniques. Our finding of three robust, generalizable, and parsimonious second-order dimensions—Engagement, Disengagement, and Help-Seeking—challenges the original structure. The results are discussed from an evolutionary perspective, on the assumption that the recognition of coping as the activation of vestigial defenses may make a substantial contribution to clarifying its functions and organization. 相似文献
139.
Happiness is associated with both extraversion and neuroticism, and extraversion is generally considered the more important. A recent study of happy introverts has shown that extraversion is not always an essential correlate of happiness, and an extensive meta-analysis has found that neuroticism is a greater predictor of both happiness and life satisfaction. It is suggested that the reason for the importance of neuroticism having been overlooked in the past, is the difficulty of handling the idea that (positive) happiness is related to the absence of a (negative) construct. This difficulty could be resolved by the reversal of neuroticism into an alternative and positive concept of “emotional stability”. Happiness could then be regarded as being associated with two positive qualities. With this change of emphasis, a short empirical study has been made of the relationships between happiness as measured by the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and extraversion and emotional stability. In bivariate and partial correlation, emotional stability was more strongly associated with happiness than extraversion, and accounted for more of the total variability in multiple regression. Emotional stability was also the greater correlate for a majority of the 29 items of the OHI, and the sole significant predictor of the happiness of younger people. 相似文献
140.