排序方式: 共有163条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Sarah M. Coyne David A. Nelson Shelly Haslam Leigh Titterington Jack Remnant 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(6):1551-1554
Research has shown that viewing violence in the media can have a profound impact on aggressive thoughts and behaviors. However, the impact of viewing relational aggression in the media has rarely been examined. This paper presents the results of an experimental study that examines the impact of viewing relational and physical aggression in the media on subsequent aggression. In this study, adult females were shown video clips containing no-aggression, relational aggression, or physical aggression. Their aggressive behavior was measured through the use of a competitive reaction time task (physical aggression) and evaluations of a confederate of the experiment (relational aggression). As a whole, participants viewing either relational or physical aggression behaved similarly. Specifically, participants who viewed either type of aggression were subsequently more physically and relationally aggressive than those who viewed the non-aggressive clip. The results show evidence for a generalization effect of viewing media aggression, in that viewing one form of aggression can influence the manifestation of other forms. This is the first study to show that viewing relational aggression in the media can increase subsequent physical aggression. Implications for parents, media producers, and policy makers are discussed. 相似文献
82.
This paper describes a short-term longitudinal study of the relation between violent victimization in the community and peer rejection among 199 children (mean age = 9.02 years) attending two urban Los Angeles area elementary schools. We used a multi-informant approach to assess victimization by community violence, peer group victimization, peer rejection, and impairments in emotion regulation. These data were collected annually for two consecutive school years. Violent victimization in the community predicted later peer rejection after accounting for the effects of initial levels of peer rejection. Analyses indicated that this relation was mediated by deficient emotion regulation skills. In addition, we found evidence that victimization by community violence and peer rejection are reciprocally related over time. The developmental implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
83.
This paper advances conceptualization of maternal distress following incarceration. We utilized a multiple case study methodology based on interviews with 10 mothers who demonstrated various permutations of "the triple threat" (depression, domestic violence, and substance abuse; Arditti & Few, 2006). Findings suggest that depressive symptomology persisted and worsened for mothers in our study and that maternal distress was indicative not only of women's psychological state, but also a relational and situational construct that embodied women's core experience. Maternal distress was largely characterized by health challenges, dysfunctional intimate relationships, loss related trauma, guilt and worry over children, and economic inadequacy. Further, maternal distress seemed to be intensified by the punitive traumatic context of prison and lessened by rehabilitation opportunities as well as support by kin and probation officers after reentry. Recommendations for clinicians and professionals who work with reentry mothers center around the need to alleviate maternal distress and better address women's emotional and physical health needs during incarceration and reentry. 相似文献
84.
A. Dhai 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2008,29(5):293-296
Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of the HIV epidemic, which is fueled by the many ethical, social, and political complexities
that make up Africa. In turn, the pandemic has also caused many ethical, social, and political complexities that Africa now
grapples with. Being infected with HIV is highly complex and challenging.
Regrettably, gender inequality is still pervasive in Africa. The response by African leaders to the pandemic has been, on
the whole, shamefully lethargic.
For Africa to win its war against HIV/AIDS, a paradigm shift is required from the perspective of its socio-political context.
What is called for is positive political will that will address all aspects of the social determinants of AIDS. What is also
required is that Ubuntu is embraced meaningfully. 相似文献
85.
This is the first of two companion papers describing concepts and techniques of a mentalization‐based approach to understanding and managing family violence. We review evidence that attachment difficulties, sudden high levels of arousal, and poor affect control contribute to a loss of mentalizing capacity, which, in turn, undermines social learning and can favor the transgenerational transmission of violent interaction patterns. It is suggested that physically violent acts are only possible if mentalizing is temporarily inhibited or decoupled. However, being mentalized in the context of attachment relationships in the family generates epistemic trust within the family unit and reduces the likelihood of family violence. The implications of this framework for therapeutic work with families are discussed. 相似文献
86.
A Research Program Testing the Effectiveness of a Preventive Intervention for Couples with a Newborn
Richard E. Heyman Katherine J. W. Baucom Amy M. Smith Slep Danielle M. Mitnick Michael F. Lorber 《Family process》2019,58(3):669-684
Noxious family environments are associated with a wide range of adverse child outcomes. In order to prevent couple and parent–child relationship problems, a number of programs have been developed for couples with newborns. The current paper describes a program of research evaluating the American version of couple CARE for parents of newborns. This version of CCP was administered to low‐income, unmarried couples with a new baby in an uncontrolled demonstration project (Study 1), compared with a waitlist control condition in a randomized controlled trial (Study 2), and evaluated with low‐income parents recruited from urban hospitals in two major metropolitan areas of the United States (Study 3 and Study 4). Despite participant satisfaction with CCP, preventive effects of the program were limited and there was one potential iatrogenic effect. Results were likely impacted by major challenges with recruiting participants and maintaining their engagement in CCP for the duration of the program. We discuss methodological differences between this series of studies and previous trials of prevention programs and make recommendations for improving service delivery to at‐risk new parents. These results have implications for public policies that aim to benefit children and families. 相似文献
87.
88.
Although violence and homicide are more prevalent in Colombia, South America than the US, the role of psychosocial factors
in the violent behavior of Colombian adolescents remains unclear. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the interrelation
of domains of personality, familial, peer, and ecological variables associated with violence in a community sample of adolescents
from various self-reported ethnic groups in Colombia. The sample consisted of 1,151 male adolescents selected from three Colombian
cities. The participants were surveyed using structured interviews at two points in time over a 2-year interval. Data were
collected concerning adolescent personal attributes, family characteristics, peer, and ecological factors, including drug
availability and the prevalence of violence in the community. The dependent variable was the self-reported frequency of the
adolescent’s violent behavior. The results supported a model in which violent behavior was correlated independently over time
with a number of risk factors from several domains. Evidence for the hypothesized mediated effects of the familial monitoring
and bonding domain, the peer domain, the ecological domain, and prior victimization related to personal attributes and contemporaneous
violence and the adolescent’s violent behavior 2 years later was also found. The findings suggest the use of specific intervention
procedures with adolescents to prevent their subsequent violent behavior. 相似文献
89.
Jagers RJ Sydnor K Mouttapa M Flay BR 《American journal of community psychology》2007,40(1-2):138-145
This study explores the influences of communal values, empathy, violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs, and classmates' fighting on violent behaviors among urban African American preadolescent boys and girls. As part of a larger intervention study, 644 low-income 5th grade students from 12 schools completed a baseline assessment that included the target constructs. Boys reported more violent behaviors, and lower levels of empathy and violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs than girls. Path analyses revealed that, after controlling for the positive contributions of classmates' fighting, violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs were a negative predictor of violent behavior. Communal values had a direct negative relationship with violence for boys, but not girls. Both communal values and empathy were associated with less violent behavior through positive relationships with violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs. For girls, classmate fighting had an indirect positive association with violent behavior through its negative relationship with violence avoidance self-efficacy beliefs. Findings are discussed in terms of implications of basic and applied research on violence among African American youth. 相似文献
90.
Rein Nauta 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(1):65-71
In discussing the murder of Abel by his brother Cain the dynamics of shame and guilt are explored. An analysis of the psychological
drama, more than the brutal fact itself, may help to understand the consequences of negation and love for the contemporary
occurrences of family violence. In exploring the separate positions of Cain and Abel the differential effects and consequences
of jealousy and envy are analyzed as well. 相似文献