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151.
José María Tous Ral 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(23-24):153-163
RESUMENEn el presente artículo se defiende la idea de que los mecanismos que organizan la conducta tienen una importancia tan grande como la energía misma en la determinación de aquélla, que estos mecanismos son por tanto seriales como de control y que los estadios de procesamiento de información deben corresponder en su naturaleza a estos mecanismos. Se centra la exposición en el tema de la información desde dos contextos diferentes, que se intentan relacionar: primero, el contexto de la comunicación humana; segundo, el contexto de la cibernética y la teoría de sistemas, sustentado en la proposición de algunos autores de la teoría de sistemas constituye una parte de la cibernética y no al revés. 相似文献
152.
《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(63-64):163-173
ResumenEste trabajo, es un estudio sobre la valoración jurídica que tienen los sujetos que padecen alguna psicopatología o trastorno mental en el ámbito del Derecho Penal. En él se estudia, por un lado, el reflejo que tienen estas alteraciones mentales en la redacción del Código Penal y, por otro, se analizan los criterios jurisprudenciales que determinan a un sujeto responsable o no de sus acciones. Se han estudiado las once alteraciones mentales o patologías que tienen una mayor incidencia en la literatura y la Jurisprudencia. Se comentan con una especial atención, las circunstancias psicológicas particulares que influyen en el sujeto para determinar su responsabilidad e imputabilidad. 相似文献
153.
《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(55):115-126
ResumenEn nuestras actividades cotidianas interactuamos con numerosas máquinas y dispositivos, que teóricamente tienen la misión de facilitarnos la vida. Sin embargo, este objetivo no se cumple con la frecuencia con la que desearíamos. En este trabajo exponemos una serie de problemas que caracterizan a la construcción y a la actuación de tecnología (falta de ruido, invisibilidad), así como una serie de posibles soluciones para el establecimiento de una «comunicación» eficaz entre los usuarios y los dispositivos (relaciones analógicas, adaptabilidad de los dispositivos). Hay que decir que la mayor parte de las soluciones pasan por concebir sistemas adaptables a las distintas características de los potenciales usuarios, tanto en el propio proceso de diseño como en el uso diario efectivo de dichos dispositivos. 相似文献
154.
Martin Prozesky 《South African Journal of Philosophy》2013,32(1):1-17
Embedded in the thought of Whitehead is an extremely interesting but relatively neglected ethic which has relevance to current attempts to reflect creatively on the ethical dimension of human existence both in South Africa and the wider world. This paper notes the main features of the context in which such reflection is taking place, and then proceeds to give an account of process ethics. Thereafter it offers a critical discussion whose main conclusion is that process ethics has more to commend it than other approaches to ethics. 相似文献
155.
Norma L. Day‐Vines Julia Bryan Dana Griffin 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2013,41(4):210-223
The continuum of broaching behavior is a conceptual framework explicating how counselors broach or have explicit discussions about racial, ethnic, and cultural factors with their clients during treatment ( Day‐Vines et al., 2007 ). Counselors can assume 5 particular broaching orientations: avoidant, isolating, continuing/incongruent, integrated/congruent, and infusing. The authors operationalized the continuum of broaching behavior using the Broaching Attitudes and Behavior Scale and found support for a 4‐factor model of broaching behavior. El espectro de comportamiento de abordamiento es un marco conceptual que explica cómo los consejeros abordan o tienen discusiones específicas sobre factores raciales, étnicos y culturales con sus clientes durante el tratamiento ( Day‐Vines et al., 2007 ). Los consejeros pueden asumir 5 orientaciones de abordamiento particulares: evasiva, aislante, continua/incongruente, integrada/congruente e infundida. Los autores operativizaron el espectro de comportamiento de abordamiento usando la Escala de Actitudes de Abordamiento y Comportamiento y hallaron respaldo para un modelo del comportamiento de abordamiento de 4 factores. 相似文献
156.
Stewart Candlish 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2013,91(4):631-632
Contingentism, generally contrasted with law necessitarianism, is the view that the laws of nature are contingent. It is often coupled with the claim that their contingency is knowable a priori. This paper considers Bird's [2001, 2002, 2005, 2007] arguments for the thesis that, necessarily, salt dissolves in water; and it defends his view against Beebee's [2001] and Psillos's [2002] contingentist objections. A new contingentist objection is offered and several reasons for scepticism about its success are raised. It is concluded that certain higher-level laws describing the behaviours of molecular compounds may be necessary due to their dependence on underlying physical laws, and that the modal status of laws of nature cannot be determined a priori, as the structural features of the substances and properties they govern must first be investigated. 相似文献
157.
Steven L. Lancaster Stephen E. Melka Benjamin F. Rodriguez Andrew R. Bryant 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(4):414-429
This study extends research examining posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following different types of potentially traumatic events. Specifically, the study examined and compared the symptom patterns observed in those who suffered a major accident, the unexpected death of a loved one, or sexual assault. Based on recent findings, this project also examines those who reported nontraumatic (but stressful) events, as well as comparing symptom patterns across gender. Findings suggest different types of traumas might be associated with differences in severity and patterns of symptoms for women (but not for men), suggesting symptom patterns manifest differently in men and women. Results also call into question the assumption that traumatic events demonstrate different symptom patterns than other types of events. 相似文献
158.
Carien Lubbe 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2013,23(1):89-95
This article portrays the personal strengths of children growing up in same-gendered families from a positive psychological framework. One of the major challenges all children growing up in same-gendered families are faced with is the integration of their family experience with that of the wider society outside the home. A narrative approach was used to explore the experiences of children from their perspectives. Five children from eight families participated in the project. Data were created through interviews and a variety of other supportive qualitative techniques. The data were analyzed using a holistic analysis approach and a narrative was subsequently written to illuminate the uniqueness, the specificity and the individuality of each particular child. This article depicts one of these narratives. From this narrative the following personal strengths emerged: humor, a sense of perceived control, socially intelligent disclosure, agency, okayness and the ability to form positive relationships. I propose that remarkable personal strengths are displayed in the way in which children growing up in same-gendered families engage a heteronormative world. 相似文献
159.
Endika Bengoetxea Gualberto Buela-Casal 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2013,13(1):67-73
Higher education rankings constitute a important but controversial topic due to the methodologies applied in existing rankings and to the use being done of these interpreting their results for purposes which they were not designed for. At present there is no international ranking can responds to the needs of all users and that is methodologically sound by considering the various missions of higher education institutions, mainly due to a narrow focus on research giving less importance to other missions in which higher education institutions can excel beyond research such as teaching quality, knowledge transfer, international orientation, regional engagement etc. The European Commission is currently involved in the implementation of a new higher education ranking methodology, characterised by taking into account a diversity of missions and the diversity of existing higher education institutions. The final aim is to create a tool allowing users to choose the performance indicators of their interest and providing them with a personalised ranking according to their interests. This paper describes the motivation for designing such a tool, the principles of the methodology proposed, as well as the steps foreseen to have it ready for end users by 2014. 相似文献
160.
Islamic banking is based on moral foundations that make it distinct from conventional banking. Some argue that because of its foundation in Islam, Islamic banking may represent a more morally appealing alternative. Yet, evidence shows that this is not the case. Indeed, the current practice of Islamic banking has not been able to achieve its goals which are based on Islam's moral values: to enhance justice, equitability, and social well‐being. This essay examines the extent to which Islamic banking is ethical and concludes that the practice of the industry does not seem to be de facto ethical from the Islamic perspective of ethical values. It only consists in trading the same instruments of conventional banks without genuinely enforcing Islam's ethical vision. The practice of Islamic banking misrepresents Islam and does not contribute to solving social problems. The interaction between maqasid al‐shari?a (objectives of Islamic law) and qiyās (deductive analogy) provides a supplementary tool for interpreting the failure of the prior in terms of the practical misuse of the latter by Islamic banks. This essay provides an interpretive approach to the current debate about why Islamic banking has failed and suggests ways to move cautiously in the future. 相似文献