情绪对个体判断和决策影响研究概述

情绪对个体判断和决策影响已经成为目前的一个研究热点。情感启发式、决策情感理沦等为研究情绪对个体判断和决策的影响提供了一定的理论基础．而近期提出的“风险作为情感”假设为研究提供了较为全面的理沦框架。此外,个体差异比较、时间压力以及信息激起为研究情绪在个体判断和决策中的作用提供了很好的研究思路。     

预期式时距估计年龄差异的初步研究

以5s、13s和26s为目标时距,采用产生法和复制法,探讨了预期式条件下时距估计的年龄差异。结果表明在单任务作业中。年老被试和年轻被试两个年龄组之间估计时距的平均值没有显著差异,但年老被试比年轻被试的估计时距具有更大的变异性。单一的内部时钟频率变化的假设并不能对单任务条件下时距估计的年龄差异做出合理的解释。时距估计的年龄差异可能是内部时钟频率变化和认知过程变化交互作用的结果。     

组织信任的最新研究进展和未来研究展望

本文总结了组织信任领域的四个方面的研究进展：理论框架更加系统,控制方法日趋严密,构思效度日渐细腻,分析方法更多实证。并根据最近的研究线索提出了未来值得研究的问题。     

注意定势对基于空间位置的返回抑制的影响

将研究注意定势的比例控制范式与基于空间位置的返回抑制范式相结合。系统地探讨了与空间位置相关的注意定势对基于空间位置的返回抑制的影响。结果表明。在20％和50％有效条件下均出现了显著的返回抑制。但由于注意定势的作用。20％有效条件下的返回抑制量要明显高于50％有效条件;而在80％有效条件下．没有出现返回抑制。并且外显地形成相关注意定势的被试显示出显著的返回抑制的反转。而没有外显地形成相关注意定势的被试则显示出了返回抑制效应。这表明,内源性的注意定势对返回抑制的质和量都有重要影响。适当的注意定势可以在任意方向上改变返回抑制。     

4～6岁幼儿颜色偏好实验研究

本实验采用对偶比较法．对4—6岁幼儿进行颜色偏好实验研究,结果表明：在4—6岁的年龄段中,幼儿颜色偏好顺序依次为：红、黄、橙、蓝、紫、绿;男女幼儿的颜色偏好有明显差异;不同年龄之间的幼儿颜色偏好没有明显差异。     

The Russian Spinozists

The article deals with the history of Russian Spinozism in the20th century, focusing attention on three interpretations of Spinoza's philosophy – by Varvara Polovtsova, Lev Vygotsky,and Evald Ilyenkov. Polovtsova profoundly explored Spinoza'slogical method and contributed an excellent translation of histreatise De intellectus emendatione. Later Vygotsky andIlyenkov applied Spinoza's method to create activity theory,an explanation of the laws and genesis of the human mind.     

心理贫穷感对决策的影响

“贫穷感”是个体与金钱相关的、相对稳定的内心感受,包含不安全感、焦虑感、厌恶感、不满足感和金钱关注五个维度,用以描述个体与金钱相关的认知和情绪上的差异。其概念内涵由28位心理学专家和社会学专家共同界定。贫穷感自评量表是一个15题5点Likert量表。通过问卷法对420位社会人员测量发现,贫穷感与生命史Mini-K测量结果显著负相关。贫穷感越高的个体越倾向于生命史快策略。     

Socio-culturally induced distress among migrant labourers in India: a qualitative inquiry

The present study has explored the experiences of distress among Indian migrant labourers with the help of qualitative method. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule where 40 unskilled migrant labourers, 20 males and 20 females participated in the study. The obtained data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory. Findings have given an insight of the dialects (idioms of distress) used by migrants to express their distress. Further, findings divulged that the essence of the migrant labourers’ distress is largely rooted in their culturally defined roles, prevailing socio-cultural norms, apathy of legal and structural system to address their needs and to protect their rights in the host culture (place of migration). The findings draw our attention to design health intervention programmes for migrant and immigrant communities, in India as well as across the world, that amalgamate the elements of collectivistic culture in order to ensure the complete social, psychological, and physical wellbeing of above said communities.     

Représentations des chefs cuisiniers quant à leur activité de management : entre performance et prévention des risques

This article aims to analyze the determinants of the chefs’ management activity in terms of their constraints and resources related in particular to their working conditions. This analysis makes it possible to determine postures relating to the management of chefs turned to both the health of their brigade and the performance of their service. In order to carry out this study, 20 chefs were interviewed via individual interviews with projective cards from the DIXIT game. The thematic type qualitative analysis carried out identifies several common characteristics between the leaders interviewed in the way of managing a brigade such as managerial skills, the importance attributed to the notion of team, the restoration of a positive image of the profession and business constraints. It is also shown that chefs are lacking training in the management side of their business. Finally, the results will be discussed with regard to the collective activity within the brigades and its effect on their professional identity.     

追踪研究在组织行为学中的应用

追踪研究是一种通过引入时滞, 以探索变量动态变化趋势和变量之间相互关系的调查研究方法。近年来, 在组织行为学中, 追踪研究越来越受到学者们的关注, 追踪研究成果也在逐渐增加, 但是大多数研究者尤其是国内研究者, 对追踪研究尚缺乏全面正确的认识。追踪研究设计可以依照重复测量之间的时间间隔长短进行分类, 不同的类型对应不同的样本量、调查方式和统计分析方法, 未来可以拓展追踪研究在团队和领导力、组织文化和变革以及员工激励等方面的应用, 或开展跨文化的追踪研究。