Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science

In this article, we reflect on the use of formal methods in the philosophy of science. These are taken to comprise not just methods from logic broadly conceived, but also from other formal disciplines such as probability theory, game theory, and graph theory. We explain how formal modelling in the philosophy of science can shed light on difficult problems in this domain.     

Mood trajectories following daily life events

Little is known about the magnitude and duration of mood responses to daily negative events as a function of gender, history of mood disorder, and current substance use. Using computerized ambulatory monitoring techniques, perceived negativity of minor daily events and state affect were prospectively examined every 3 h on average for a 7-day period. Event negativity was associated with depressed mood for 6–9 h following event occurrence, and was associated with happy mood for 3–6 h. Gender and substance use moderated the relationship between event negativity and mood states concurrently, and remained influential for approximately 3 h following the event. History of mood disorder did not moderate any within- or across-day relationships between event negativity and mood. No evidence was found for mood uplifts following daily events in either within- or across-day analyses. The findings are discussed relative to assessment timing in investigations of vulnerability-stress theories.     

Analytical psychology and Daoist inner alchemy: a response to C.G. Jung's 'Commentary on The Secret of the Golden Flower'

Abstract :  This paper provides a historical, religious-philosophical context for the study of the Daoist text known as  The Secret of the Golden Flower . An updated study is conducted into the controversy over the source of the text including the editions translated by Richard Wilhelm and Thomas Cleary. The main teachings of the text and the basics of two major denominations of Daoism are introduced to ground later critiques of Jung's commentary. The psychodynamics of analytical psychology, especially those concerned with integration of unconscious contents and the realization of the self (individuation) are compared with the psycho-spiritual dynamics of integration in Eastern spirituality based on the Golden Flower text. The paper concludes that it was amiss for Jung to have equated the Western 'unconscious' with states of higher consciousness in Eastern meditation practices, although his claim that Eastern higher consciousness is characterized by a nebulous state of non-intentionality does raise questions about the appropriateness of calling Eastern meditative states 'consciousness'. A new concept is required to characterize the special qualities of this psychic state shared generally by Eastern spiritual traditions and a more meaningful comparison may be found in Jung's concept of the self.     

基于等级反应模型的属性层级方法

给出基于等级反应模型的属性层级方法（Attribute Hierarchy Method, AHM）,并简记为GRM-AHM,提出了相应的确定GRM-AHM的期望项目反应模式全集的方法和一种新的归类法LL。用蒙特卡洛模拟实验比较GRM-AHM的几种归类法的归准率（属性模式归准率和单个属性的平均判准率）。结果发现,新归类法的归准率与AHM中的方法A差不多,但比方法B高很多;随着被试作答失误率的提高,它们的归准率都有所下降。在归类精度和简单性方面,GRM-AHM都比Bolt等(2004)提出的多级评分融合模型（Fusion Model）好     

JOHN POLKINGHORNE AND BERNARD LONERGAN ON THE SCIENTIFIC STATUS OF THEOLOGY

On the basis of his acquaintance with theoretical elementary particle physics, and following the lead of Thomas Torrance, John Polkinghorne maintains that the data upon which a science is based, and the method by which it treats those data, must respect the idiosyncratic nature of the object with which the science is concerned. Polkinghorne calls this the “accommodation” (or “conformity”) of a discipline to its object. The question then arises: What should we expect religious experience and theological method to be like if they are accommodated to the idiosyncratic nature of God? Polkinghorne's methodological program is typical of postcritical positions in the theology‐science dialogue in holding that the fiduciary element in theological method is simply a species of the fiduciary element that is a de facto part of all knowing—in other words, theological method does not differ in fundamental kind from the methods of the natural sciences. But this program may contain the seeds of an alienation of theological method from the transcendence of God similar to the double self‐alienation of theology described by Michael Buckley in At the Origins of Modern Atheism. I contend that something like Bernard Lonergan's position on how the method of faith seeking understanding is related to the methods of the natural sciences is exactly the sort of thing that one should expect on the supposition of Polkinghorne's principle of accommodation, at least if the God who is the object of theological science is transcendent. The way in which the divine differs from all other objects ought to be disclosed or reflected in religious experience and theological method. Polkinghorne charts the course for an accommodated theology, but it seems to be Lonergan who is more intent on following it.     

我国产后抑郁评估与诊断方法应用现状分析

早期评估与诊断是产后抑郁预防干预的第一步,通过分析国内产后抑郁评估与诊断方法的应用现状,为提高评估与诊断结果的科学性提供依据。发现爱丁堡产后抑郁量表为筛查首选量表,分析显示采用同一种量表和不同量表进行评估的检出率均有较大差异。因此,应根据研究特点选择适宜的筛查量表以提高不同研究结果的可比性,同时,需加强量表分界值本土化的研究。     

不同麻醉方法用于剖宫产手术的利弊分析与临床抉择

本文系统详细的阐述了妊娠期间妇女主要的病理生理变化及其对麻醉的不良影响,指出了剖宫产手术时麻醉处理具有一定的特殊性,并且分析了不同的麻醉方法用于剖宫产手术时所具有的优缺点,最后作者对剖宫产手术时如何合理科学的选择麻醉方法进行了必要的临床思考。     

脂多糖受体mCD14定量研究的方法探讨

本文通过横断面研究,对100例正常人群(一次性)采集外周全血2ml,选用流式细胞技术测定单核细胞群、mCD14平均荧光强度值,行盲法测定.观察正常人群外周血mCD14的表达水平,探讨正常人群mCD14定量研究的方法.结果显示单核细胞与淋巴细胞的比值比单个读取mCD14的平均荧光强度值更具可重复性,集中趋势较好,有利于临床应用和比较研究.此方法可作为流式细胞仪定量检测数据校正的方法参考.     

百年文化论争的理论教条

在近代百年的文化论争中,论战的各方都在哲学思维层面接受社会有机思维方式,这种思维方式把社会各组成部分看作是紧密联系和不可分离的,正是这个理论教条使时人看不清楚传统文化在工业化过程中的重要作用。传统文化是工业化之弊的解毒剂,这是传统文化在当代社会的最重要的价值。由于思想家没有对传统文化进行点化,使中国工业化的思想资源严重缺乏,这使中国失去一个和谐发展的机会。当务之急是破除社会有机思维方式的理论教条,并对传统文化进行点化,从而使中国走出一条与西方社会不同的工业化发展道路。这是百年文化论争的最后解决。