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511.
七情半结构投射试验的设计与验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于心理学本土化的立意 ,借鉴投射试验的方法 ,对传统“七情”概念进行分析 ,建立图形 -词汇半结构情感试验。图形为具有不同程度抽象涵义的中国画 ,每一图附加 8类形容词以定性和定量分析结果。验证表明 :情感的频数分布为 :中 2 6%、喜 2 2 %、思 1 9%、惊 9%、忧 8%、怒 6%、恐 5 %和悲 5 %。复测信度、分半信度 ,同时效度均较好。聚类分析将情感因素归为负性情感与偏正性情感两大类。因素分析得出两类公共因子 :焦虑与抑郁。 相似文献
512.
Wilmien van Straten Marie P. Wissing Johan Potgieter 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2013,23(2):237-243
The aim of this study was to validate a community collective efficacy scale in an African context. An abridged version of the Community Collective Efficacy Scale was validated in a cross-sectional survey design. Participants (N = 1050) from urban (n = 451) and rural (n = 599) areas completed the CCES and other measures of self-efficacy and psychological well-being. Results indicated a Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.72 and satisfactory inter-item correlations ranging between 0.17 and 0.25. Significant correlations between the CCES and other measures of self-efficacy and psychological well-being indicated good criterion-related validity. Construct validity was supported by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis yielded one factor that relates to a sense of “we-ness”. The CCES thus has good reliability and validity in an African context. 相似文献
513.
当前心理测验的应用问题与伦理规范 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
心理测验法在心理学研究中是一种常用的方法,但是,这种方法的应用价值受到诸多条件的限制。本文从经典测验理论出发回顾了影响心理测验应用价值的一些因素,并对心理测验的使用者做了重点分析,指出只有经过培训并获得相关资格者才能管理心理测验,而且施测者应该从自身与被测者之间的关系出发,严格地遵循心理测验的伦理价值,并在法律的规范下使用心理测验,才能充分地体现心理测验的真正价值。 相似文献
514.
Researchers now know that when theoretical reliability increases, power can increase, decrease, or stay the same. However, no analytic research has examined the relationship of power to the most commonly used type of reliability—internal consistency—and the most commonly used measures of internal consistency, coefficient alpha and ICC(A,k). We examine the relationship between the power of independent samples t tests and internal consistency. We explicate the mathematical model upon which researchers usually calculate internal consistency, one in which total scores are calculated as the sum of observed scores on K measures. Using this model, we derive a new formula for effect size to show that power and internal consistency are influenced by many of the same parameters but not always in the same direction. Changing an experiment in one way (e.g., lengthening the measure) is likely to influence multiple parameters simultaneously; thus, there are no simple relationships between such changes and internal consistency or power. If researchers revise measures to increase internal consistency, this might not increase power. To increase power, researchers should increase sample size, select measures that assess areas where group differences are largest, and use more powerful statistical procedures (e.g., ANCOVA). 相似文献
515.
The use of reliability estimates is increasingly scrutinized as scholars become more aware that test–retest stability and self–other agreement provide a better approximation of the theoretical and practical usefulness of an instrument than its internal reliability. In this study, we investigate item characteristics that potentially impact single‐item internal reliability, retest reliability, and self–other agreement. Across two large samples (N = 6690 and N = 4396), two countries (Estonia and The Netherlands), and two personality inventories (the NEO PI‐3 and the HEXACO‐PI‐R), results show that (i) item variance is a strong predictor of self–other agreement and retest reliability but not of single‐item internal reliability; (ii) item variance mediates the relations between evaluativeness and self–other agreement; and (iii) self–other agreement is predicted by observability and item domain. On the whole, weak relations between item length, negations, and item position (indicating effects of questionnaire length) on the one hand, and single‐item internal reliability, retest reliability, and self–other agreement on the other, were observed. In order to increase the predictive validity of personality scales, our findings suggest that during the construction of questionnaire items, researchers are advised to pay close attention especially to item variance, but also to evaluativeness and observability. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
516.
517.
The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of procedural memory to grammar and numeracy skills, which both involve the manipulation of abstract patterns. Seventy-six typically developing children between 5 and 7 years of age were assessed on grammar with a past tense production task and a sentence comprehension task, on numeracy with a counting task and a calculation task, and on procedural memory with a serial reaction time task. Moderate correlations were found between the measures of grammar and numeracy. Moreover, 4 hierarchical linear regressions indicated that procedural memory was associated with calculation but not with counting or grammar skills when age and working memory were taken into account. These novel findings suggest that procedural memory may have a role to play in the development of some numeracy skills. Several possible explanations for the absence of contribution to grammar are considered. 相似文献
518.
Environmental context can have a profound influence on the efficacy of intervention protocols designed to eliminate undesirable behaviors. This is clearly seen in drug rehabilitation clinics where patients often relapse soon after leaving the context of the treatment facility. A similar pattern is commonly observed in controlled laboratory studies of context-dependent savings in instrumental conditioning, where simply placing an animal back into the original conditioning chamber can renew an extinguished instrumental response. Surprisingly, context-dependent savings in human procedural learning has not been carefully examined in the laboratory. Here, we provide the first known empirical demonstration of context-dependent savings in a perceptual categorization task known to recruit procedural learning. We also present a computational account of these savings using a biologically detailed model in which a key role is played by cholinergic interneurons in the striatum. 相似文献
519.
上海市大学生常见一般心理问题量表的编制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究阐述了一般心理问题的特征及表现,并确定了心理疲劳、自卑、暴躁、消沉、分神、忧郁、空虚、无端烦恼、怯懦、敌对等10个大学生常见的一般心理问题。采用自陈量表编制原理和问卷调查分析方法,编制了具有较高信度和效度的大学生常见一般心理问题量表。该量表对心理咨询与辅导具有理论及实践上的指导意义。 相似文献
520.
