人类健康视域下的生态文明建设

由于人类赖以存在的水资源、空气和土壤等受到严重污染,直接或间接地引发人类某些疾病的产生甚至爆发,对人类健康和生存发展构成了巨大的威胁。对此,一方面,需要对医学模式进行重新审视。生物心理社会医学模式的局限性逐渐突显,生物心理社会生态医学模式最终将成为引领未来医学发展的基本模式。另一方面,需要以人类健康为导向加强生态文明建设:转变思想观念,树立生态中心主义观;依靠科学技术,积极发展生态经济;完善国家健康发展战略,制定环境与健康行动计划;建设健康城市,营造生态优美的人居环境。     

大陆和台湾地区精神疾病患者强制住院医疗之比较研究

精神病患者是社会弱势群体,其权利易遭受他人的侵害,同时其有可能对他人权利造成损害。因此为维护本人和他人权利,有必要对其实施特殊的措施。大陆和台湾地区均规定对严重精神病患者实施强制住院医疗措施,但二者在强制医疗的对象、程序以及人身自由的限制等方面存在重大差异。大陆强制医疗采取的是行政程序,而台湾地区是"准司法程序",其强制医疗决定由第三方作出。台湾地区精神卫生法为精神病患者提供了较为完善的权益保障体系。     

基于社会角色视角的村卫生室发展探讨

村卫生室是三级卫生服务体系的网底,是农民健康的“保护伞”和农村社会的“稳定器”。村卫生室在发展过程中遭遇制度和资源瓶颈,运用社会角色理论分析各个利益主体与村卫生室之间的互动关系,研究村卫生室的角色距离和角色期望的表现形式,识别村卫生室的新角色期望内涵,并据此探讨村卫生室新角色实践途径。通过分析得出农村卫生服务系统的角色结构和村卫生室在其中扮演的角色丛,村卫生室要扮演好自己的社会角色,必须同时考虑“公共产品”和“私人产品”特征,以“公共产品”为自己的主要角色,“私人产品”为次要角色。     

以新型农村合作医疗为平台 加强农村妇幼保健工作

住院分娩是否应该纳入新型农村合作医疗的补偿范围,目前在学术界和实践中仍然存在争议。以陕西省镇安县为案例,从公共政策分析的角度,通过对该县定额住院分娩制度运行效果的分析,论证了把住院分娩纳入合作医疗补偿范围的积极意义,同时针对该制度运行过程中出现的问题提出了相应的政策建议。     

麻醉医生与人文关怀

在围手术期倡导人文关怀是必须的,麻醉医生从技术至上走向人文关怀将成为现代医学模式在实践中转化的必要条件,具体表现在术前、术中、术后三方面。麻醉医生只有富于人文修养,方能营造良好的医患关系。     

关于我国流动人口公共卫生管理的思考

大量的流动人口从农村流入城市,在推动城市社会、经济发展的同时,也带来了诸如流动人口治安管理、子女教育和卫生保健等问题。通过对流动人口公共卫生管理中存在主要问题分析,提出了改善流动人口公共卫生管理构建和谐社会的5项建议。     

公共卫生与全民的健康意识

SARS事件使公共卫生和全民的健康意识问题成为全社会的焦点问题,现在人们更加关注的是后SARS时代我国公共卫生建设和全民健康意识喜忧参半的现状,也许更有意义的是探讨公共卫生与全民健康意识的关系,明确健康意识的内涵,认清民众的健康误区,重视全民的健康教育。     

Predictors of burnout and health status in Samaritans’ listening volunteers

Samaritan listening volunteers provide emotional support to people in distress or suicidal. Samaritans’ has high volunteer turnover, which may be due to burnout. This study evaluated the role of demographic and psychosocial factors in predicting Samaritans listening volunteers’ burnout and health status. Samaritans’ listening volunteers (n = 216) from seven branches across UK completed an online survey to assess their levels of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment), subjective health status, coping, empathy and social support. Overall, listeners showed low levels of burnout and good health. Regression analysis revealed that higher emotional exhaustion was predicted by younger age and avoidant coping style; higher depersonalisation was predicted by lower empathy fantasy and higher avoidant coping style; lower personal accomplishment scores were predicted by higher empathy personal distress and worse health status was predicted by more hours per week spent on listening duties, lower social support and higher avoidant coping style. Overall, different factors influenced different facets of burnout. However, higher use of avoidant coping style consistently predicted higher burnout and worse health status, suggesting avoidant coping is an important target for intervention.     

Posttraumatic stress and physical health among adults: The role of coping mechanisms

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether coping mechanisms predict physical health, after controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters in a non-clinical sample of adults. Data were collected from 483 adults through an online survey. Most of the participants (66.7%) reported lifetime exposure to at least one traumatic event. The final sample of this study included 319 trauma-exposed individuals. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms on the avoidance and hyperarousal clusters had significant positive relationships with self-reported physical health symptoms. After controlling for gender and PTSD, denial, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame significantly and positively predicted physical health symptoms.     

Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm

In this article, I argue that (1) transgender adolescents should have the legal right to access puberty-blocking treatment (PBT) without parental approval, and (2) the state has a role to play in publicizing information about gender dysphoria. Not only are transgender children harmed psychologically and physically via lack of access to PBT, but PBT is the established standard of care. Given that we generally think that parental authority should not go so far as to (1) severally and permanently harm a child and (2) prevent a child from access to standard physical care, then it follows that parental authority should not encompass denying gender-dysphoric children access to PBT. Moreover, transgender children without supportive parents cannot be helped without access to health care clinics and counseling to facilitate the transition. Hence there is an additional duty of the state to help facilitate sharing this information with vulnerable teens.