鹖冠子其人与其思想新探

本文认为从现存资料很难证明鹖冠子必定是楚人或是赵人。从《鹖冠子》一书中的相关记载,可见他和赵、楚、秦、齐诸国的思想文化有相当的关系。他的弟子是庞媛,而非庞焕,庞煜与庞焕并非同一人。他的思想虽属于黄老学,但有自己特色的理论：水火相生说、天神地形说、五正说、成鸠氏理想统治说等。有些思想观念有矛盾。     

关于疾病的预防和早期诊断的全方位思考

从扁鹊见蔡桓公的故事思考疾病预防与早期诊断治疗的意义,分析存在的主要问题,其中很大一部分源于对疾病预防和疾病的早期诊疗的重视程度不够,进而从患者、社会、医院三方面探求其解决方法。通过提高大众的防患意识,充分发挥医院在此的优势,进一步完善医保制度等方式来解决。     

Effects of neonatal treatment with cyproterone acetate on aggressive behavior induced by footshock in adult male rats

High levels of androgens are required to organize aggressive behavior in adult male rats. Footshock-induced aggression was tested in Wistar rats allocated to one of three experimental groups: control (oil-injected) males (M), males neonatally injected with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CA), and males treated as in the CA group but gonadectomized just before puberty (CAG). An antiaggressive effect of CA in those adult male rats neonatally treated with this compound was found. Neonatal exposure to cyproterone acetate exerts an antiandrogenic effect over the expression of shock-induced aggressive behavior. The behavioral effects of CA were not countered by adult treatment with testosterone propionate.     

从卦爻辞的内容看其性质

根据卦爻辞的形式和内容,我们把它分为三类;直接表述吉凶等断辞的;记述象占的;单纯纪事,无吉凶等断辞的。从性质上来说,《易经》是一部老皇历式的著作。卦爻画表示的是日历。直接表述吉凶的卦爻辞记述的是时日占候。记述象占的卦爻辞表述的是一些行为禁忌,其中的某些卦爻辞也应和时日有关系。单纯纪事的卦爻辞情况则较复杂,有些卦爻辞可能是祈使句,表示此卦爻所当时日内应做某事,有些则是记述的某时日内“名人”“名物”的事迹,供后人参考,有些则可能是些“半拉子工程”。     

Integrating brain science research with intelligence research

Understanding the possible causes of differences in intelligence is crucial if children are to achieve their full potential. Such understanding has been hampered until recently, however, because researchers who study intelligence have neglected recent findings in the brain sciences suggesting that the brain develops in response to environmental stimulation. These findings have seemed to contradict intelligence research that suggests that intellectual abilities are inherited. However, the findings from intelligence research and the brain sciences can be integrated if it is accepted that there are individual differences in the process by which the brain adapts to the environment, such that some people's brains are better at adapting than others'. The findings obtained from intelligence research are consistent with this integrated model. Such an integration has implications for better understanding the nature of intelligence.     

浮现理论及其对第二语言获得年龄效应的新解释

近年来,来自认知行为实验、认知神经科学的研究结果对第二语言获的关键期假设提出了质疑。浮现理论对第二语言获得的年龄效应提出了新的解释,该理论认为在第二语言获得中并不存在先天决定的关键期,第二语言的获得年龄效应是由双语之间的相互作用、相互影响决定的,即第一语言的防守和第二语言同第一语言间的竞争两种机制决定着第二语言的获得的程度。     

围手术期血糖控制

糖尿病患者围手术期血糖控制是临床糖尿病处理的一大难题,围手术期血糖控制状况对术后病死率及感染等并发症有重要影响。良好的血糖控制可以改善患者预后,但严格控制血糖也会增加低血糖和多项不良事件发生的风险。目前对围手术期血糖控制的目标尚无统一标准,缺乏充分的前瞻性对比研究和循证证据。本文作者对近几年关于围手术期血糖控制相关文献...     

论春秋时期卜史阶层的易学特点

《周易》是春秋占断预测系统中的一种,本由卜史之官掌管。春秋中晚期,卜史阶层的地位始有较大变动,知识贵族对易学的参与,打破了卜史阶层对易学的垄断。但卜史阶层的易学"道术未分",混融了传统天官、史官、卜筮等多种学问。他们开创的易学格局,直到西汉数术易学兴起后,才真正有所改观。     

Modality pairing effects and the response selection bottleneck

The present experiment examined the effects of input/output modality pairings on dual-task performance using the psychological refractory period (PRP) procedure. Four groups of participants performed two tasks composed of the same sets of inputs (visual and auditory) and the same sets of outputs (manual and vocal), but with different input/output modality pairings. Whereas modality pairings had only small effects on single-task reaction times, they had large effects on dual-task reaction times. The modality pairing effect cannot stem from differences in the difficulty of stimulus classification or response execution, because these task demands were the same across groups. The effect also does not appear to result from changes in stimulus-response compatibility. The present findings suggest dual-task interference arises not only from postponement of central operations (due to a central bottleneck), but also from a slowing of central operations whose magnitude is sensitive to the input/output modality pairings.     

Effects of practice on task architecture: combined evidence from interference experiments and random-walk models of decision making

Does extensive practice reduce or eliminate central interference in dual-task processing? We explored the reorganization of task architecture with practice by combining interference analysis (delays in dual-task experiment) and random-walk models of decision making (measuring the decision and non-decision contributions to RT). The main delay observed in the Psychologically Refractory Period at short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) values was largely unaffected by training. However, the range of SOAs over which this interference regime held diminished with learning. This was consistent with an overall shift observed in single-task performance from a highly variable decision time to a reliable (non-decision time) contribution to response time. Executive components involved in coordinating dual-task performance decreased (and became more stable) after extensive practice. The results suggest that extensive practice reduces the duration of central decision stages, but that the qualitative property of central seriality remains a structural invariant.