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31.
Jonathan G. Tullis Robert L. Goldstone Andrew J. Hanson 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(5):442-452
Various kinds of assistance, including prompts, worked examples, direct instruction, and modeling, are widely provided to learners across educational and training programs. Yet, the effectiveness of assistance during training on long-term learning is widely debated. The authors examined how the extent and schedule of assistance during training on a novel mouse movement task impacted unassisted test performance. Learners received different schedules of assistance during training, including constant assistance, no assistance, probabilistic assistance, alternating assistance, and faded assistance. Constant assistance led to better performance during training than no assistance. However, constant assistance during training resulted in the worst unassisted test performance. Faded assistance during training resulted in the best test performance. This suggests that fading may allow learners to create an internal model of the assistance without depending on the assistance in a manner that impedes successful transfer to unassisted circumstances. 相似文献
32.
Learning practical work through cooperation between school and working life is part of physiotherapy higher education. Students learn practical work through the integration of theoretical, practical, tacit and situational knowledge in a socialization process. Workplace practices and habits direct students’ learning. This study answers the question: What kind of conceptions of learning practical work do physiotherapy students have? Longitudinal data written by 21 volunteer students (mean age 25 years) was collected over three and a half years. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Learning practical work proceeds in five phases: (1) the basis of practical work, human movement and action and therapeutic tools is learned at school; (2) the meaning of the profession and practical work takes shape in an interaction with clients and observing how professionals work in real workplaces; (3) the wholeness of the practical work takes shape by gradually participating in the work processes; (4) critical reflection of the work processes – thinking, construction, evaluation and reasoning – develops; and (5) the conception of practical work widens. This study brings new information about learning practical work for developing healthcare education and its curricula. The role of workplaces is huge in learning tacit knowledge of the profession. 相似文献
33.
Supporting Out‐of‐School Time Staff in Low Resource Communities: A Professional Development Approach
Anne F. Farrell Melissa A. Collier‐Meek Melanie J. Furman 《American journal of community psychology》2019,63(3-4):378-390
Federally funded out‐of‐school time (OST) programs provide academic support, enrichment, and safety for students and families in low‐resource communities. However, programs struggle to meet these aims, in part because of the lack of program structure and limited training and support for staff. This observational case study documents the training and technical assistance (TA) delivered to OST frontline staff and program leadership to implement Positive Behavior in Out‐of‐School Time (Positive BOOST), an adaptation of positive behavior interventions and supports conducted in multiple settings. Findings across three programs indicate that varied levels of TA (i.e., business as usual, performance feedback, coaching) are associated with different levels of staff‐ and program‐level implementation. Taken together with previous research, these findings suggest that targeted investment in developing the skills of OST staff and improving program‐wide outcomes is critical for supporting youth in low‐resource communities. 相似文献
34.
Marya Schechtman 《Synthese》2008,162(3):405-423
In the spirit of the discussion in Daniel Kolak’s I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundation for Global Ethics, I consider the way in which divisions that we usually think of as borders between distinct people occur within a single
life. Starting with the dispute between constructionist and non-constructionist views of persons, I argue for a view that
places the unity of persons in the dynamic generated by simultaneously taking a constructionist and non-constructionist view
of oneself. In order to unify ourselves as agents we need to treat past and future selves as others, but to motivate this
endeavor we need to think of ourselves as temporally extended agents, and so identify with past and future selves. Understanding
this dynamic illuminates the structure of our agency and the unity of the self. 相似文献
35.
论述了国家卫生财政政策补助对象的选择问题,公共卫生服务物品提供机构与医疗服务物品提供机构之间的选择、医疗机构与患者之间的选择、公共卫生服务物品提供机构与居民之间的选择以及医疗机构与医生之间的选择,提出了卫生财政政策补助对象的选择顺序,公共卫生服务物品生产和分配机构,医疗保障机构,患者,医生,医疗机构。 相似文献
36.
Melanie Dobson Hughes 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(2):237-252
In the midst of the multifarious healthcare of the 21st century an Anglican clergyman from the 18th century named John Wesley
can serve as a valuable resource for contemporary Christians seeking to faithfully live a life of well-being which incorporates
different forms of medicine. In order to explore Wesley’s contributions to integrative care this essay will first situate
Wesley in his 18th century context—a time period not completely unlike our own in which medicine was also experiencing dramatic
shifts in practice and philosophy. In order to demonstrate his integration of the medical knowledge of his day the essay will
look at Wesley’s own medical practices and his relationships to physicians as forging a “middle way” between physic and empiricism. The essay will examine Wesley’s theology as a practical piety which is grounded in a holistic sotieriology
that sustains an integrative medicine (caring for body, mind, and spirit). Finally, the essay concludes with possibilities
for integrated medicine in our own day as informed by a Wesleyan “way” of holistic practice.
Melanie Dobson Hughes MDiv, Th.M is a current Th.D candidate in theology and ethics at Duke University Divinity School. She is also an ordained elder in the Desert Southwest conference of the United Methodist church. Her research interests include healing, spiritual practices, and suffering. 相似文献
Melanie Dobson HughesEmail: |
Melanie Dobson Hughes MDiv, Th.M is a current Th.D candidate in theology and ethics at Duke University Divinity School. She is also an ordained elder in the Desert Southwest conference of the United Methodist church. Her research interests include healing, spiritual practices, and suffering. 相似文献
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38.
Steven D. Weitzenkorn 《Journal of research in personality》1974,8(4):361-377
An adjusted measure of achievement motivation was devised with the combined use of the Mehrabian Achievement Scale (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1968, 28, 493–502) and the Mandler and Sarason (Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1952, 47, 166–173) Test Anxiety Questionnaire. Contingent instructions, in which Ss were told success on a test was necessary to qualify for opportunities to succeed on subsequent tests, were contrasted to performance in equivalent noncontingent situations and relative to adjusted achievement motivation for both male and female subjects. In noncontingent situations Ss were told performance on any one test did not affect their opportunity to take subsequent tests. Support was obtained for the use of the above mentioned scales as a predictor of performance for both sexes but not for the Mehrabian by itself. Both male and female Ss high in achievement motivation consistently scored significantly higher than Ss low in achievement motivation in all conditions. The expected interactions between treatments and motive groups were not found but t tests between extreme motive groups within conditions revealed significant differences in the expected directions. These results do not provide statistically reliable support to the elaborated theory of achievement motivation. 相似文献
39.
Four students with moderate handicaps were taught to cash checks and to use an automatic teller through either a decreasing prompt hierarchy or time delay procedure. The strategies were compared within a multielement design. Results indicated that both strategies led to the acquisition of the target tasks; however, the decreasing prompt hierarchy was more efficient. Four and 8-week follow-up probes indicated that the strategies were equally effective in producing maintenance of performance. 相似文献
40.
Children with autism may not develop safety skills (e.g., help-seeking behaviors) without explicit teaching. One potentially hazardous situation is when a child with autism becomes separated from caregivers in a retail establishment or other public setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a treatment package (rules, role playing, and praise) delivered in the natural environment for teaching 3 boys with autism to seek assistance from store employees when they became lost. Treatment was effective, and help-seeking behaviors generalized to untrained stores for all participants. 相似文献