和谐社会卫生观论纲

和谐社会卫生观是在卫生事业的发展中人与自然;人与社会;卫生事业与社会;卫生事业内部子系统;卫生政策主体与客体处于一种互动共生的观念.和谐社会卫生观的基本内涵是:有序、平衡、协调、良性运行与发展.和谐社会卫生观既是一种世界观,也是一种方法论.在卫生领域,是一种卫生观.     

Y-Balance Test Performance and Leg Muscle Activations of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

This study compared Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) performance and leg muscle kinetics between children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and investigated the association between YBT-LQ performance and muscle kinetics in children with DCD. Forty-eight children with DCD and 51 children without DCD participated in the study. Leg muscle kinetics were measured using surface electromyography when performing YBT-LQ. Children with DCD exhibited an overall lower YBT-LQ scores than controls. They had a lower peak gastrocnemius medialis activation for YBT-LQ posteromedial direction and shorter duration for the muscle to reach peak torque for YBT-LQ anterior direction. No relationship was found between YBT-LQ performance and leg muscle activations in children with DCD. Children with DCD exhibited a less competent YBT-LQ performance with atypical neuromuscular control.     

Influence of target uncertainty on reaching movements while standing in stroke

Stroke individuals frequently have balance problems and impaired arm movements that affect their daily activities. We investigated the influence of target uncertainty and the side of the brain lesion on the performance of arm movements and postural adjustments during reaching in a standing position by stroke individuals. Participants stood on force plates and reached a target displayed on the center of a monitor screen under conditions differentiated by the prior knowledge of the target location at the beginning of the movement. Individuals who had a stroke in the right side of the brain performed the tasks with the ipsilesional, right upper limb while the individuals with a left stroke performed with the ipsilesional, left upper limb. Healthy individuals performed with right and left limbs, which data were later averaged for statistical analysis. Kinematic analysis of the arm and lower limb joints and displacements of the center of pressure of each lower limb were compared between target conditions and groups. Stroke individuals showed larger center of pressure displacements of the contralesional compared to the ipsilesional limb while these displacements were symmetrical between lower limbs for the healthy individuals, regardless of the target condition. The target uncertainty affected both the characteristics of the arm movements and postural adjustments before movement onset. Right stroke individuals used more ankle joint movements under the uncertain compared to the certain condition. The uncertainty in target location affects the arm reaching in upright standing, but the effects depend on the side of the brain lesion.     

Predicting incident falls: Relationship between postural sway and limits of stability in older adults

BackgroundWe have previously shown that objective measurements of postural sway predicts fall risk, although it is currently unknown how limits of stability (LOS) might influence these results.Research question: How integrated postural sway and LOS measurements predict the risk of incident falls in a population-based sample of older adults.Methods:The sample for this prospective observational study was drawn from the Healthy Ageing Initiative cohort and included data collected between June 2012 and December 2016 for 2396 men and women, all 70 years of age. LOS was compared to postural sway with measurements during eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) trials, using the previously validated Wii Force Plate. Fall history was assessed during baseline examination and incident falls were collected during follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Independent predictors of incident falls and additional covariates were investigated using multiple logistic regression models.Results:During follow-up, 337 out of 2396 participants (14%) had experienced a fall. Unadjusted regression models from the EO trial revealed increased fall risk by 6% (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.11) per each centimeter squared increase in sway area and by 16% (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.25) per 1-unit increase in Sway-Area-to-LOS ratio. Odds ratios were generally lower when analyzing EC trials and only slightly attenuated in fully adjusted models.Significance:Integrating postural sway and LOS parameters provides valid fall risk prediction and a holistic analysis of postural stability. Future work should establish normative values and evaluate clinical utility of these measures.     

The effect of shoe and floor characteristics on walking kinematics

It is common sense that walking on sand poses challenges to postural control. However, there are no studies quantifying the kinematics of sand walking compared to other types of postural perturbations such as unstable shoes. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in walking kinematics during walking on solid ground, in unstable shoes and on unstable surfaces. Nineteen healthy young adults (23.5 ± 1.5 years) performed three different walking tasks: 1) walking at preferred speed while wearing regular shoes; 2) Walking at preferred speed wearing Masai Barefoot Technology shoes and 3) barefoot walking at preferred speed on a large sand grave. Full-body kinematics were recorded during all conditions using an inertial motion capture system. Basic gait parameters (walking speed, stride length and duration), relative vertical center-of-mass position (rvCOM), and ankle, knee and hip joint angles in the sagittal plane were compared across the tasks through statistical parametric mapping over the course of full walking cycles. Participants presented similar walking speed, as well as stride length and duration across different conditions (p > 0.05). However, walking on sand reduced the rvCOM (p < 0.05), while also requiring greater ankle plantarflexion during stance phase (p < 0.05), as well as greater knee and hip flexion during leg swing and initial contact when compared to the other conditions (p < 0.05). It was concluded that walking on sand substantially changes walking kinematics, and may cause greater postural instability than unstable shoes. Therefore, walking on sand can be an alternative to improve postural control in patients undergoing walking rehabilitation.     

子团队的结构与情感对团队创造力的影响

为细化现有团队研究,着眼于子团队并结合团队同质情感,挖掘了团队中的子团队平衡性、团队情感与团队创造力关系。通过对某高校333名学生的团队实验研究,得出主要结论认为：团队中子团队的平衡性与团队情感对影响团队创造存在交互作用,具有积极情感且子团队平衡的团队创造力更高。当子团队不平衡时,情感积极团队会比中性情感下的团队有更大的创造力波动性。     

非工作时间连通行为对工作—家庭平衡满意度的影响研究：一个有调节的中介模型

工作-家庭平衡满意度（SWFB）这一新兴构念正日益受到学界关注,信息时代下的新工作特征——非工作时间连通行为对SWFB已产生不可忽视的影响。本文基于工作-家庭边界理论,探讨非工作时间连通行为对SWFB的影响机制。通过问卷调查了237份配对样本数据,结果表明：非工作时间连通行为负向预测SWFB,心理脱离中介了非工作时间连通行为与SWFB间关系;工作-家庭中心性调节了心理脱离在非工作时间连通行为与SWFB间的中介作用。     

养育是一种幸福的体验吗？养育倦怠述评

养育倦怠指的是由于父母角色和长期的养育压力而导致的一组负性症状,具体包括与父母角色相关的极度耗竭感、与子女的情感疏远和父母角色的低效能感。学者们采用风险-资源平衡模型来对养育倦怠进行解释,并围绕其测量、前因变量和后果变量开展了一系列的研究。未来的研究应当重点关注以下问题：澄清养育倦怠的概念内涵,发展科学的测量与评价工具;重视养育倦怠与后果变量之间的关系及其作用机制;充分关注文化因素在养育倦怠研究中的地位和作用。     

困境与出路：骨髓捐献的法理分析

面对骨髓捐献供体的严重短缺,捐献人的随意反悔以及法律规范的缺失,从法理的视角,认定骨髓捐献的性质是合同行为,对当事人具有法律约束力;分析捐献合同的人身性和阶段性特征,并在此基础上合理配置捐献人的任意撤消权、受益人的损害赔偿请求权以及受赠人的公益责任,以权利制约权利,权利与义务的对等,保持当事人的权利平衡,这有利于维护骨髓捐献公益性行为的良性发展。     

Responses of human ankle muscles to mediolateral balance perturbations during walking

During walking our balance is maintained by muscle action. In part these muscle actions automatically respond to the imbalance. This paper considers responses to balance perturbations in muscles around the ankle, peroneus longus (PL), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO). It is investigated if their action is related to previously observed balance mechanisms: the ‘braking reaction’ and the mediolateral ankle strategy.Subjects walked on a treadmill and received pushes to the left and pulls to the right in various phases of the gait cycle. Muscle actions were divided into medium latency R1 (100–150 ms), long latency R2 (170–250 ms), and late action R3 (270–350 ms). Short latency responses, before 100 ms, were not observed but later responses were prominent. With inward perturbations (e.g. pushes to the left shortly before or during stance of the right foot) responses in RPL were seen. The forward roll-over of the CoP was briefly stalled in mid stance, so that the heel was not lifted. Stance was shortened. With outward perturbations, pushes to the left shortly before or during stance of the left foot, responses in all three muscles, LTA, LSO, and LPL were seen. Our interpretation is that these muscle activations induce a ‘braking reaction’ but could also contribute to the ‘mediolateral ankle strategy’. The resultant balance correction is small but fast, and so diminishes the need for later corrections by the stepping strategy.