大学生A型行为类型及其学业情绪特点

用A型行为类型量表和大学生一般学业情绪问卷对218名大学生进行了调查。结果发现：被调查大学生中A型行为者（A和A^-）约占25％。大学生的学业情绪以正性情绪为主,A型行为者的比例和学业情绪的得分在性别、年级、专业变量上无显著差异。不同行为类型者学业情绪的特点：B型者（B或B^-）的羞愧、气愤、厌烦、焦虑、自豪、希望、愉快情绪均明显低于A型者（A或A^-）;B型者（B或B^-）的羞愧、气愤情绪明显低于极端中间型者;TH得分高者负性情绪多而不能放松;CH得分高的学生既有羞愧和气愤,又有自豪和希望。     

大学生学校适应性简明问卷的编制与验证

该研究旨在探讨当前大学生学校适应性的结构维度并编制简明评定问卷,运用了探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的方法。结果表明,我国大学生学校适应性的结构维度包括四个方面的内容,分别是学习能力适应、人际关系适应、学校政治适应、学校文化适应。研究结果还显示,大学生学校适应性评定问卷具有良好的信度和效度指标,问卷的α系数达到0.80,探索性因素分析中总方差解释量达到62.89%,验证性因素分析的各项指标均达到理想水平。     

班级集体效能对初中生学业自我效能与学习倦怠的调节作用

采用学习倦怠、学业自我效能、班级集体效能问卷,选取26个班级的1125名初中生作为被试,运用多层线性模型探讨班级集体效能对学业自我效能与学习倦怠的影响。在控制性别和年级的影响后,结果发现:(1)班级集体效能与学习倦怠具有直接的关联:班级正向联合力越高,则学生的学习成就感越高;班级负向联合力越高,则学生的情绪与生理的消耗越严重;班级优秀成员的效能越高,则其他学生学习的成就感越低,师生关系越疏远、生理消耗越严重;而班级成员的自我效能越高,学生的学习成就感越高、情绪的损耗越小;(2)班级集体效能对学业自我效能与学习倦怠之间的关系具有显著的调节作用:班级的正向和负向联合力越强,则学业自我效能对师生疏离的负向影响就越弱;班级的负向联合力越强,则学业自我效能对情绪耗竭的负向影响就越小;优秀成员效能越高,则学业自我效能对学习低成就感的负向影响就越大;而成员自我效能强,则学业自我效能对师生疏离的负向影响也强。     

大学生恋爱动机问卷的初步编制

目的:探讨大学生恋爱动机的结构并编制相应的测量工具。方法:运用文献法、开放式问卷和访谈法设计问卷,多次施测修改问卷,采用相关分析、探索性分析和验证性分析对问卷的信、效度进行检验。结果:大学生恋爱动机问卷包括功利性、面子性、性爱性,情感性、消遣性和婚姻性六个维度,累计贡献率57.459%,共27项;问卷的信度和效度均符合心理测量学的要求。结论:大学生恋爱动机问卷可作为测评大学生恋爱动机的工具。     

Transportability of equivalence-based programmed instruction: efficacy and efficiency in a college classroom

College students in a psychology research-methods course learned concepts related to inferential statistics and hypothesis decision making. One group received equivalence-based instruction on conditional discriminations that were expected to promote the emergence of many untaught, academically useful abilities (i.e., stimulus equivalence group). A negative control group received no instruction, and a positive (complete instruction) control group received instruction on all possible relations (those taught to, and emerging untaught in, the stimulus equivalence group). On posttests, the stimulus equivalence group performed as well as the positive control group (and both outperformed the negative control group), but those in the equivalence-based instruction condition achieved this outcome with significantly less training, thereby demonstrating the efficiency of equivalence-based instruction. Social validity measures indicated that participants found the instruction to be beneficial and as enjoyable as traditional teaching methods.     

大学生网络依赖测量工具的修订与应用

以北京五所高校大学生为样本,修订了中文网络成瘾量表(CIAS-R),并在此基础上界定出正常群体,网络依赖群体与网络成瘾群体的划分标准.三类群体在网络休闲占课余时间百分比、强迫症状及人际关系敏感得分上均有显著差异.     

智障学生与正常学生内隐记忆与外显记忆的对比研究

本实验以探索智障学生与正常学生内隐记忆与外显记忆的发展特点为目的。采用2(材料类型:图片、汉语双字词)×2(贡献来源:外显记忆、内隐记忆)×2(被试类型:智障学生、正常学生)×2(年龄:低年级、高年级)的四因素混合设计,通过加工分离程序(PDP,process dissociation procedure)的包含和排除测验,计算意识和无意识的贡献大小。结果表明,⑴材料类型主效应极其显著;⑵贡献来源的主效应极其显著;⑶年龄效应不显著;⑷被试效应不显著;本研究结论可对智障学生的教育提供理论指导。     

中小学生广告认知水平的发展特点

通过调查分析783名不同年级的中小学生对广告重要性、广告信任度和广告意图的认知水平,本研究发现:中小学生对广告重要性的认知随着年级的增长基本呈现上升趋势,小学六年级为关键的转折期;小学生对广告的信任度在小学四年级显著提高,而到了初中则显著下降,并且男生对广告的信任度高于女生;中小学生对广告意图的认知基本随着年级的增长而提高。     

Effects of Self-Monitoring on the On-Task Behavior and Written Language Performance of Elementary Students with Learning Disabilities

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of self-monitoring and a changing criterion with public posting phase on student on-task behavior and written language performance. Four elementary school boys participated and were enrolled in an urban-based, elementary-level resource room for students with learning disabilities. Self-monitoring procedures for on-task behavior included the students listening to a tone recorded at 60-s intervals and responding to the question, “Am I on-task?” Written language performance involved the students writing for a 10-min. session and counting and graphing the number of words written. During baseline conditions, student on-task behavior and written language performance were collected. During the self-monitoring conditions, the students monitored their on-task behavior and written language performance simultaneously. In the changing criterion with public posting condition, the students received their goal for the day's session prior to writing, wrote, and recorded whether they met their goal. While the results show a functional relationship between self-monitoring and on-task behavior, the data for the relationship between self-monitoring and written language performance were less compelling. A greater increase occurred when the changing criterion with public posting condition was introduced. Results suggest that self-monitoring changed on-task behavior; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine the conditions that would produce comparable effects for written language performance. Several implications for students and teachers and parent training were discussed.     

大学生职业选择和职业价值观的调查研究

本研究通过对天津地区七所高校663名在校大学生的理想职业和“现实职业”进行问卷调查,得出以下结论:(1)大学生的理想职业与“现实职业”之间有着很大的不同,但他们在选择理想职业和“现实职业”时所用的标准却有很高的一致性.(2)“高级职员”既是大学生理想中的首选职业,又是现实中的首选职业.(3)“收入”、“充分发挥能力”、“职业中的自主程度”成为大学生择业时的主要标准.(4)大学生的理想职业和“现实职业”与其所在的学校、所学的专业科类、性别、是否临近毕业等因素都有一定的关系.