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Effects of mesolimbic dopamine depletion on responding maintained by cocaine and food. 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
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The hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine is selectively involved in cocaine reinforcement was investigated in the rat. Animals were trained under a multiple schedule in which responding was reinforced by intravenous cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/injection) or food (45-mg pellets) under fixed-ratio 15 schedule requirements in alternate 30-min components of a 2-hr daily session. Infusion of the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, but not the vehicle solution, into the region of the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle produced selective reductions in cocaine self-administration without significantly altering responding maintained by food within the same sessions. This effect was reproduced in intact animals by substituting saline for cocaine in the self-administration component. These results support the hypothesis that the reinforcing effects of cocaine are dependent upon mesolimbic dopamine and demonstrate that cocaine self-administration can be disrupted in animals without altering behavior maintained by a nondrug reinforcer. 相似文献
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William P. Paré Ph.D. Greg R. Blair Joseph Kluczynski Shanaz Tejani-Butt 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1999,34(4):227-241
While females are considered more susceptible to depressive behavior, this assertion is not strongly supported by the experimental
literature. Since stress contributes to depressive behavior, male and female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to either
one session (acute stress) or 5 sessions (chronic stress) of restraint plus cold in order to study depressive behavior in
male and female rats. After their respective treatment exposure, rats were tested in the open field test (OFT) and for retention
of a passive-avoidance (P-A) task. One stress session resulted in significant immobility in the OFT for males, whereas 5 sessions
were required to produce similar immobility in female rats. Acute stress interfered with the retention of the P-A response
for males, while both acute and chronic stress produced poor P-A responses in female rats. Food consumption decresed, progressively,
as a function of stress sessions, in female rats, whereas feeding in males returned to control levels after five stress days.
Both acute and chronic stress exacerbated the stress ulcer response in male rats, but not in female rats. Chronic, but not
acute, stress resulted in an increase in serotonin transporter mRNA levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus of both male and, female
rats. The general consensus from these data suggested that female rats were more vulnerable to chronic stress and consequently
supported the notion that females may be more susceptible to stress induced behavioral depression. 相似文献
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Pre‐frontal‐insular‐cerebellar modifications correlate with disgust feeling blunting after subthalamic stimulation: A positron emission tomography study in Parkinson's disease
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Sophie Ory Florence Le Jeune Claire Haegelen Siobhan Vicente Pierre Philippot Thibaut Dondaine Pierre Jannin Sophie Drapier Dominique Drapier Paul Sauleau Marc Vérin Julie Péron 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2017,11(3):378-395
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has recently advanced our understanding of the major role played by this basal ganglion in human emotion. Research indicates that STN DBS can induce modifications in all components of emotion, and neuroimaging studies have shown that the metabolic modifications correlated with these emotional disturbances following surgery are both task‐ and sensory input‐dependent. Nevertheless, to date, these modifications have not been confirmed for all emotional components, notably subjective emotional experience, or feelings. To identify the neural network underlying the modification of feelings following STN DBS, we assessed 16 patients with Parkinson's disease before and after surgery, using both subjective assessments of emotional experience and 18[F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET). The patients viewed six film excerpts intended to elicit happy, angry, fearful, sad, disgusted, and neutral feelings, and they self‐rated the intensity of these feelings. After DBS, there was a significant reduction in the intensity of the disgust feeling. Correlations were observed between decreased disgust experience and cerebral glucose metabolism (FDG uptake) in the bilateral pre‐frontal cortices (orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, and inferior frontal gyri), bilateral insula, and right cerebellum. We suggest that the STN contributes to the synchronization process underlying the emergence of feelings. 相似文献
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It is proposed that memory is organized into event-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based memory systems. Furthermore, each system is composed of the same set of multiple attributes and characterized by a set of process oriented operating characteristics that are mapped onto multiple neural regions and interconnected neural circuits. Based on this theoretical model of memory, it is possible to investigate the independence and interaction among brain regions between any two systems for any of the proposed attributes or processes. This applies also to the investigation of independence and interactions between any two attributes within a system and between processes associated with a system for any of the proposed attributes. In this article, research evidence is presented to suggest that there are both dissociations and interactions between the hippocampus and caudate nucleus in mediating spatial and response attributes within the event-based memory system, between the hippocampus and the parietal cortex in subserving the spatial attribute within the event-based and knowledge-based memory systems, and between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in subserving the spatial attribute within the event-based and rule-based memory systems. 相似文献
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Differential interaction of platelet-activating factor and NMDA receptor function in hippocampal and dorsal striatal memory processes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The interaction between platelet activating factor (PAF) and NMDA receptor function in hippocampal and dorsal striatal memory processes was examined. In both a hidden and a visible platform water maze task, peripheral post-training injection of MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg) impaired memory. Post-training intrahippocampal infusions of PAF (1.0 microg/0.5 microl) enhanced memory in the hidden platform task, while intradorsal striatal infusion of PAF (1.0 microg/0.5 microl) enhanced memory in the visible platform task. The memory impairing effects of post-training injection of MK-801 was blocked by concurrent intrahippocampal infusion of PAF. In contrast, post-training injection of MK-801 blocked the memory enhancing effects of concurrent intradorsal striatal infusion of PAF. The results suggest that (1) the memory enhancing effects of intracerebral PAF infusion involve an interaction with NMDA receptor function, and (2) the nature of this interaction may represent a differential mechanism mediating the distinct roles of the hippocampus and dorsal striatum in cognitive memory and stimulus-response habit formation, respectively. 相似文献
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Farrel R. Robinson Patricia M. Rice Jeffrey R. Holleman Theodore W. Berger 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2001,76(3):358-374
The projection of the magnocellular red nucleus (RNm) to the region of the accessory abducens nucleus (AABD) was traced in rabbit using the bidirectional tracer wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). In one set of animals, recordings of antidromic responses from RNm neurons elicited by electrical stimulation of the rubrospinal tract were used to localize injections of WGA-HRP for orthograde labeling of RNm terminals. In a different set of animals, horseradish peroxidase was injected into the retractor bulbi muscle to retrogradely label motoneurons of the AABD. The positions of RNm fibers and terminals were examined and compared to the locations and distribution of AABD cell bodies and labeled dendrites. Analyses revealed that along the entire rostrocaudal extent of the AABD, RNm efferents terminate primarily lateral to, or in the lateral aspects of, labeled motoneurons. For the rostral AABD, RNm efferents terminate only lateral to the nucleus. Although the terminals are not positioned to contact cell bodies of the AABD, they could overlap with dendrites that extend in the lateral direction. RNm efferents terminate more extensively within the posterior AABD, overlapping within both dendritic and cell body regions of the nucleus. Even in this posterior region, however, RNm efferents were distributed primarily over the lateral half of the nucleus. These data show that RNm can monosynaptically influence the AABD, through primarily its lateral and posterior aspects. Our findings also show that a major target of RNm efferents is the reticular cell population located lateral to the AABD, suggesting that the RNm also may affect AABD motoneuronal output indirectly through its projection to reticular cells. 相似文献
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Neuropsychological Sequelae of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Neuropsychologists are increasingly involved in surgical candidacy evaluations and postoperative neurobehavioral assessments of patients with movement disorders, most notably those with disease (PD). We review here the initial studies regarding neuropsychological outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treatment of PD. Overall, these initial investigations provide preliminary support for the cognitive and neurobehavioral safety of STN DBS. Improvements in self-reported symptoms of depression and diminished verbal fluency were the most common findings, whereas changes in global cognitive abilities, memory, attention, and frontal/executive functions were inconsistent and most often described as nominal and/or transient. The generalizability of this literature is hindered by several methodological limitations, including small samples and the absence of appropriate control participants. The clinical and theoretical implications of these initial studies are highlighted and recommendations are offered to guide future research. 相似文献