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131.
病人自主性与家庭本位主义之间的张力 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
雷锦程 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(3):9-12
在中国几千年小农经济和传统文化背景下,个人利益、个人权利一直被置于家庭之下,个人自主性被包含在家庭自主性之内,表现为一种家庭本位主义。源自西方历史、文化的知情同意移植到中国后,受传统文化观念的影响,中国人对知情同意的认知、理解以及实践方式均不同于西方人。这种不同集中表现在人们对家属同意权的认可。以个人本位主义为背景的病人自主性与中国文化中的家庭本位主义之间存在张力。对知情同意在不同文化环境中不同践行方式,应以文化宽容主义的态度对待之。 相似文献
132.
Stefan Heuser 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(1):3-13
In dialogue with the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt and Seyla Benhabib the author draws on the idea of a right to have rights and raises the question under which political conditions asylum can be a subjective right for political refugees. He argues that mere spontaneous acts of humanitarianism will not suffice to define the institutional commitments of liberal democracies in refugee policy. At the same time, no duty for any particular state to take up refugees can be derived from a right to have rights. The quest for institutional solutions for a timely migration and asylum policy will rather enhance the discourses on the self-understanding of liberal democracies. With a critical eye on German asylum legislation and legal practice, the author contends that it will be a task of any co-ordinated European right of asylum to define political persecution in relation to the first dimension of human rights in order to differentiate the right of asylum from immigration legislation. 相似文献
133.
Hans Lindahl 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(3):323-343
Heidegger’s critique of European nihilism seeks to expose self-legislation as the governing principle of central manifestations of modernity such as science, technology, and the interpretation of art as aesthetics. Need we accept the conclusion that modern constitutional democracies are intrinsically nihilistic, insofar as they give political and legal form to the principle of collective self-legislation? An answer to this question turns on the concept of power implied in constituent and constituted power. A confrontation of the genealogies of modern subjectivity proposed by Heidegger and Blumenberg suggests that there is indeed a metaphysical core to the concept of constituent power developed by various political theorists, including Schmitt and Habermas. By contrast, closer consideration of the paradoxical relation between constituent and constituted power illuminates the ambiguity of collective self-legislation, which means both enactment of a legal order by a collective self and the enactment of a collective self by a legal order. To the extent that constitutional democracies are a way of preserving rather than dissolving this ambiguity, they imply an interpretation of power and human finitude that parries the charge of nihilism. 相似文献
134.
Kantrowitz JL 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2008,89(2):355-368
In this paper, I wish to illustrate how working with a patient who had a certain kind of narcissistic difficulty led me to develop particular clinical strategies to facilitate the development of a sturdier sense of self, greater affect tolerance and modulation, the diminution of harshness of her superego, and the ownership of projected parts of herself, and to decrease paranoid ideation. I call upon concepts from various theoretical schools of psychoanalysis to make sense of the dynamic intricacies of the patient's psychological organization as they revealed themselves in the analytic process. These conceptualizations of the patient's difficulties and of clinical interventions to address them result in a hybrid theory of both theory and technique. What transpired in the clinical work also led me to propose an additional way to understand this kind of patient's difficulties with accepting interpretations or any view that differed from the patient's subjectivity. I am proposing that 'otherness' itself, rather than only specific conflictual aspects of the self, is disowned. It is the analyst's empathic stance toward all that is repudiated--the specific disowned aspects of the self and 'otherness' itself--along with empathy for the patient's conscious state that will enable reinternalization and ultimately healing. 相似文献
135.
Ryan LaMothe 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(5):467-480
I argue that the tradition(s) of pastoral care contributes to our understanding of Christian discipleship vis-à-vis political
discourse. In particular, I understand pastoral care, in part, as shepherding political discourse. To care for and about political
discourse involves a radical openness to the Other, which is made possible by the virtues of hospitality, compassion, humility,
and forgiveness. The primary pastoral aim in shepherding political discourse is not the realization of political power or
the realization of Christian beliefs through rhetorical coercion, evangelical assimilation, or consensus. Positively, the
aim of pastoral political discourse is to shepherd the communicative processes such that there is a possibility of real meetings. 相似文献
136.
Jovan Babić 《The Journal of Ethics》2004,8(3):225-250
Our time is characterized by what seems like an unprecedented process of intense global homogenization. This reality provides
the context for exploring the nature and value of toleration. Hence, this essay is meant primarily as a contribution to international
ethics rather than political philosophy. It is argued that because of the non-eliminability of differences in the world we
should not even hope that there can be only one global religion or ideology. Further exploration exposes conceptual affinity
between the concepts of intolerance, ideology, and doctrinal evil. The last concept is developed in contrast to pure evil and average evil, and under the assumption of the metaphysical necessity of free will. Doctrinal evil is found to represent the main source
of intolerance as a result of a mechanism that tends to confuse doctrinal evil (or the competing conceptions of the good)
with pure evil. This connection between doctrinal evil and pure evil provides ideologies with their forcefulness. Tolerance
cannot be properly understood in terms of a simple opposition to intolerance, however. Tolerance emerges as a sort of vigilance,
conscientiousness, and non-negligence based not on a supposedly correct interpretation of the good, but rather on the acceptance
of the fallibility of any such attempted definition. Conversely, the principal evil in doctrinal evil is found in arrogance
that accompanies the intolerance-inducing irresponsible thoughtlessness. With this conceptual topology in mind the paper also
addresses questions regarding religious tolerance, the ideology of human rights and democracy, the right to self-defense,
ways to face evil, the dialectics of using old names for novel evils, and related issues.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
137.
Zachary Davis 《Continental Philosophy Review》2009,42(2):149-169
In his criticisms of the German youth movement and the emergence of fascism across Europe during the early 1920s, Max Scheler
draws a distinction between the different senses of political apathy that give rise to mass political movements. Recent studies
of mass apathy have tended to treat all forms of apathy as the same and as a consequence reduced the diverse expressions of
mass violence to the same, stripping mass movements of any critical function. I show in this paper that Scheler’s distinction
provides the means by which to locate the various origins of mass violence and the practical means by which to address this
violence that preserves the liberating potential of collective political movements.
相似文献
Zachary DavisEmail: |
138.
139.
People who score high on modern racism scales consistently oppose reparations for race-based social injustices. Scholars debate whether this opposition reflects racism [e.g., Sears, D. O., & Henry, P. J. (2005). Over thirty years later: A contemporary look at symbolic racism. In M.P Zanna, (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 37 (pp. 95-150). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press] or a principled conservative ideology [e.g., Sniderman, P. M., & Tetlock, P. E. (1986). Symbolic racism: Problems of motive attribution in political analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 129-150]. We tested these competing hypotheses by examining support for government reparations for adult survivors of childhood abuse. We manipulated whether the survivors were of European or Aboriginal heritage. Consistent with a racism hypothesis, high modern racists indicated less support for reparations when the survivors were of Aboriginal heritage than when the survivors were of European heritage. Interestingly, low modern racists supported reparations more for Aboriginal Canadian than European Canadian survivors. We discuss three explanations of the responses of low modern racists. 相似文献
140.
Paul R. Nail April E. Drinkwater Anthony W. Thompson 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):901-907
In Study 1, politically liberal college students’ in-group favoritism increased after a system-injustice threat, becoming as pronounced as that of conservatives. Studies 2 and 3 conceptually replicated these results with low preference for consistency [Cialdini, R. B., Trost, M. R., & Newsom, J. T. (1995). Preference for consistency: The development of a valid measure and the discovery of surprising behavioral implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 318-328.] as a dispositional measure of liberalism. In Study 2, following a mortality salience threat, dispositionally liberal students showed as much conviction in their attitudes toward capital punishment and abortion as dispositional conservatives did. In Study 3, after a mortality salience threat, liberal students became as staunchly unsupportive of homosexuals as conservatives were. The findings that political and dispositional liberals become more politically and psychologically conservative after threats provide convergent experimental support for the [Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129 339-375.] contention that conservatism is a basic form of motivated social cognition. 相似文献