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151.
David J.Y. Combs Caitlin A.J. Powell David Ryan Schurtz Richard H. Smith 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):635-646
Political campaigns are often characterized by the various events occurring that move the tide in favor of one candidate or another. Each event, depending on which candidate it favors or harms, produces either happiness or sadness for those who care about the outcome. This research examined whether such reactions would hold for events that are misfortunes for other people and even when they negatively affect society more broadly regardless of political party affiliation. Ingroup (i.e. political party) identification was examined as an important moderating variable. In four studies, undergraduate participants gave their emotional reactions to news articles describing misfortunes happening to others (e.g. poor economic news and house foreclosures). Party affiliation and the intensity of ingroup identification strongly predicted whether these events produced schadenfreude. 相似文献
152.
Selective Exposure in the Internet Age: The Interaction between Anxiety and Information Utility 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nicholas A. Valentino Antoine J. Banks Vincent L. Hutchings Anne K. Davis 《Political psychology》2009,30(4):591-613
The rise of the Internet forces scholars to reevaluate the frequency and nature of political information seeking in the contemporary period. The functionality of the Internet makes passive exposure more difficult, and selective information seeking easier, than in the past. However, people may also use the Internet in a new and directed way—to arm themselves with information to express and defend their views either online or in the real world. The central question we explore in this paper is what explains balanced versus biased information seeking in the era of the Internet? We combine insights from Sears and Freedman (1967 ) with newer work on emotion to predict motivated selectivity: focusing specifically on the interaction between anxiety and information utility. Our central theoretical claim is that anxiety does not simply boost any information seeking; it triggers information seeking that is useful for addressing the problem at hand. Anxiety alone, therefore, does not guarantee a balanced information search. When counterattitudinal information is useful for some reason—for example, to defend their own opinions to others who may disagree—anxious citizens should seek it out. As a consequence, these subjects should learn more specific information about where each candidate stands on the issues. In an experiment we find support for these hypotheses. We conclude that while today's flexible Internet environment may permit selectivity, balanced seeking should still occur under a fairly common set of circumstances. 相似文献
153.
This article deals with the role of bereaved parents' anger as a motivating force for political and public activism. After reviewing the place of anger in the experience of processing loss and bereavement and presenting anger as a factor that leads to public initiative, the article deals with the place that anger occupies in the bereaved sector of Israeli society. The claim is made that Israeli society has changed since its early years, when "the national management of emotions" did not allow anger to be present in the public discourse of bereaved parents, to the current era in which anger is an inseparable part of Israeli bereavement discourse. The following section of the article includes an interpretive analysis of the place of anger among the research subjects, bereaved parents who later became public and political entrepreneurs. All of the research subjects lost a son in one of three circumstances that are part of the Israeli security agenda: operational accidents, terrorist attacks, and IDF combat in Lebanon. Finally, the study attempts to answer how anger structures both public and private bereavement in Israel, shaping the bereaved parents as instant celebrities. 相似文献
154.
In two studies we analyzed the predictors of participation in an Italian Lulu mobilization, rooted in the Susa Valley, a North-Western Italian valley where a high speed railway (HSR) should be sited. Based on the data of qualitative Study 1, performed interviewing 12 anti-HSR militants and 12 non anti-HSR militants, we hypothesized that Klandermans' (1997) model on participation (centered on group identification, sense of injustice, and collective efficacy) is suitable to predict the Lulu mobilization we studied, and that three contextual variables (community involvement, the perception of the existence of a vast majority in the community favoring the mobilization, and place attachment) may be added to Klandermans' to predict such a mobilization. We formally tested such hypotheses in quantitative Study 2 (representative sample of the people living in the Susa Valley, N = 250). Results supported the role of Klandermans' (1997) variables and confirmed the influence exerted by our contextual variables, thus suggesting that an integration of the two models would be fruitful in the analysis of Lulu mobilizations. Limits and future developments of this research are discussed. 相似文献
155.
E. Mark Cummings Marcie C. Goeke-Morey Alice C. Schermerhorn Christine E. Merrilees Ed Cairns 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(1):16-38
The effects on children of political violence are matters of international concern, with many negative effects well-documented.
At the same time, relations between war, terrorism, or other forms of political violence and child development do not occur
in a vacuum. The impact can be understood as related to changes in the communities, families and other social contexts in
which children live, and in the psychological processes engaged by these social ecologies. To advance this process-oriented
perspective, a social ecological model for the effects of political violence on children is advanced. This approach is illustrated
by findings and methods from an ongoing research project on political violence and children in Northern Ireland. Aims of this
project include both greater insight into this particular context for political violence and the provision of a template for
study of the impact of children’s exposure to violence in other regions of the world. Accordingly, the applicability of this
approach is considered for other social contexts, including (a) another area in the world with histories of political violence
and (b) a context of community violence in the US. 相似文献
156.
Lawrence Torcello 《Res Publica》2009,15(1):17-31
This article confronts growing conservative opposition to abortion based on the claim that abortion is morally equivalent
to infanticide. By examining the relationship between moral skepticism and precautionary ethics the article promotes a completely
permissive position on abortion from conception to birth while consistently rejecting the possibility that such a position
entails permissive implications for infanticide. The article introduces and traces the implicit relationship between moral
skepticism, the precautionary principle and political liberalism.
相似文献
Lawrence TorcelloEmail: |
157.
Bidirectional Associations Between Newlyweds' Marital Satisfaction and Marital Problems over Time 下载免费PDF全文
Justin A. Lavner Benjamin R. Karney Hannah C. Williamson Thomas N. Bradbury 《Family process》2017,56(4):869-882
Prevailing views of marital functioning generally adopt the view that marital problems predict decreases in marital satisfaction, but alternative theoretical perspectives raise the possibility that lowered satisfaction can also predict increases in problems. The current study sought to integrate and compare these perspectives by examining the bidirectional cross‐lagged associations between newlyweds' reports of their marital satisfaction and marital problems over the first 4 years of marriage. Using annual assessments from 483 heterosexual newlywed couples, we find evidence for problem‐to‐satisfaction linkages as well as satisfaction‐to‐problem linkages. Satisfaction was a stronger predictor of marital problems early in marriage but not as time passed; by Year 4 only problem‐to‐satisfaction linkages remained significant. These findings are consistent with the idea that couples with more problems go on to report lower levels of satisfaction and couples with lower levels of satisfaction go on to report more marital problems. This dynamic interplay between global judgments about relationship satisfaction and ongoing specific relationship difficulties highlights the value of examining bidirectional effects to better understand marital functioning over time. 相似文献
158.
Eugene Y. Chan 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2020,30(3):515-524
In the current research, we explore the possibility that politically conservative consumers may anthropomorphize consumer products more than their liberal counterparts. This is possibly because conservatives need to manage uncertainty in the marketplace. One way to do so might be by assigning more human‐like attributes to inanimate products. We test this hypothesis in three studies by measuring (Studies 1 and 2) and manipulating political ideology (Study 3). We find that avoidance of uncertainty (Study 1) and need for order (Study 2) can explain conservatives’ greater anthropomorphism. The effect is stronger for unpredictable than predictable products as the former are associated with greater uncertainty, which conservatives need to manage (Study 3). Also, we report that greater anthropomorphism of products can increase the perceived functionality of the products (Studies 2 and 3), offering implications for marketers. In all, the results offer support for our key hypothesis that conservatives anthropomorphize more; they also provide preliminary support for the role of uncertainty management in conservatives’ greater anthropomorphism of products. In our General Discussion, we discuss alternate explanations for the key effect and present some directions for further research in this area. 相似文献
159.
Philosophers have long speculated that authoritarianism and belief in determinism are functionally related. To evaluate this hypothesis, we assessed whether authoritarianism and allied personality and political variables predict varieties of belief in determinism in three community samples (N1 = 566 to 20,010; N2 = 500; N3 = 419). Authoritarianism and allied variables manifested moderate to large positive correlations with both fatalistic and genetic determinism beliefs. Controlling for political conservatism did not meaningfully attenuate these relations. Further, openness was negatively related to fatalistic determinism beliefs and agreeableness was negatively related to genetic determinism beliefs. Taken together, our findings clarify the nature of relations between authoritarianism and general personality, on the one hand, and free will/determinism beliefs, on the other, and suggest intriguing intersections between worldviews and personality traits. 相似文献
160.
Isabela Ieţcu-Fairclough 《Argumentation》2008,22(3):399-417
This article combines a pragma-dialectical conception of argumentation, a sociological conception of legitimacy and a sociological
theory of the political field. In particular, it draws on the theorization of the political field developed by Pierre Bourdieu
and tries to determine what new insights into the concept of strategic maneuvering might be offered by a sociological analysis
of the political field. I analyze a speech made by the President of Romania, Traian Băsescu, following his suspension by Parliament
in April 2007. I suggest that the argument developed in this speech can be regarded as an example of adjudication and I discuss
its specificity as an adjudication in the political field in an electoral campaign. I also try to relate legitimation as political
strategy to strategic maneuvering oriented to meeting the contradictory demands of the political field, which I see—following
Bourdieu—as involving a double political game, a game of democratic representation and a game of power.
相似文献
Isabela Ieţcu-FaircloughEmail: |