A Korean Feminist Perspective on God Representation

This article investigates the ways in which the patriarchal God image when combined with Confucianism in Korean culture can negatively affect Korean Christian women in their concept of identity and self-worth. In doing so, a few salient constructs of Confucianism that are closely related to the role of Korean women are examined. Engaging in and dialoging with the works of Sigmund Freud and Ana-Maria Rizzuto in their treatments of God representation along with some key research findings in that area, the nature and the various dynamics of God representation are discussed. Finally some practical suggestions are given in dealing with the patriarchal image of God in relation to the lived experiences of Korean Christian women in Korean context.     

The principle of liberty and legal representation of posterity

This paper considers a guardianship model for the legal representation of future generations. According to this model, national and international courts should be given the competence to appoint guardians for future generations, if agents who care about the welfare of posterity apply for the creation of a guardianship in relation to a dispute that can be resolved by the application of law. This reform would grant guardians of future people legal standing or locus standi before courts, that is, the right to bring an action before a court of law for adjudication. Although the guardianship model faces several difficult theoretical and practical problems pertaining to the representation of different near and distant future generations, it is argued that this model – and certain other legal norms intended to protect future basic needs – can be justified on the basis of the principle of liberty.     

神经网络模型对内隐学习的探索

近几年来,研究者们借助人工神经网络模型的方法对内隐学习研究中突出的争论性问题进行了新的探索。针对内隐学习的无意识问题,模拟研究发现确实存在一种无意识的内隐学习,然而这种无意识加工的发生与否要取决于规则的难易程度;针对内隐学习的抽象性问题,人工神经网络模型所主张的分布式概率表征能较好地加以解释。可见,神经网络模型的原理和模拟研究可能为真正地解决内隐学习的无意识性和抽象性等目前争论较多的领域提供一个全新的视角和研究方向。     

空间信息表征对语义相关判断的影响

探讨空间信息对语义相关判断的影响。实验材料是具有内在纵向空间关系的词对,纵向呈现在计算机屏幕上,呈现顺序与指代物的空间位置次序一致或不一致,要求被试对词对进行语义相关判断。综合2个实验的结果表明,语义相关判断任务中被试会自动激活指代物的空间信息,并且其对空间信息的表征是知觉符号表征,而非表象表征。研究结果进一步支持了知觉符号理论。     

Essai de représentation par des nombres réels d'une analyse infinite des notions individuelles dans une infinité de mondes possibles

The aim of this study is to try to make use of real numbers for representing an infinite analysis of individual notions in an infinity of possible worlds.As an introduction to the subject, the author shows, firstly, the possibility of representing Boole's lattice of universal notions by an associate Boole's lattice of rational numbers.But, in opposition to the universal notions, definable by a finite number of predicates, an individual notion, cannot (as Leibniz pointed out) admits this sort of definition, because each state of an individual subject is characterized by the values (present or absent, applicable or inapplicable) taken by an infinite number of predicates, each of whom may appear or disappear in the next state.The notion of degree of identification of an individual notion is then introduced and arithmetized by a rational number.As an individual notion can be defined by a convergent succession of degrees of identification, the real characteristic number of such an individual notion can be defined by the corresponding convergent succession of rational numbers, satisfying Cauchy's conditions for the convergence of successions.

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Essai de représentation par des nombres réels d'une analyse infinite des notions individuelles dans une infinité de mondes possibles

     

Diversity of ideas about diversity measurement

Measurement of diversity is important in several sciences but has evolved mainly within ecology. An ecological community with many species is more diverse than one with few but the way the total number of individuals is distributed among the species also influences the degree of diversity or heterogeneity. Although not always explicitly used, it can be shown that diversity is a concept of some importance in psychology, too. In general terms quantification of diversity is related to the apportionment of some quantity into a number of well-defined classes. The dual-concept type of diversity index reflects both the number of classes and the degree of evenness (homogeneity) of the apportionment. The quantity that is distributed has commonly been a population of elements and apportionment homogeneity measures population heterogeneity. The statistical context has dominated the thinking about the measurement of diversity, heterogeneity, and homogeneity. Some well-known indices of diversity and the ideas behind them are discussed. It is concluded that the general geometric representation of homogeneity (similarity) and heterogeneity (dissimilarity) (Junge, 1978; 1991) offers a more general approach to the measurement of diversity.     

The Course of Representation in Memory During the Comprehension of Paragraphs

The course of the representation built in memory from a text during comprehension of paragraphs was studied by a probe technique (immediate item recognition). Three experiments showed that response times, the main variable, gradually increase as a function of the lag between the probe (a word or an atomic proposition) and its target in the text. In Experiment 3 the same result was also found with a priming technique. The absence of any kick-up over the course of time was confirmed by several additional analyses of individual data. The results were only weakly consistent with models assuming two distinct memory stores, in particular a specific “short-term memory store,” but highly consistent with models involving semantic activation and subsequent gradual deactivation.     

先述参与者的优势及句子不同成分的可提取性

考察了复合句中先述参与者在可提取性上的优势及句子连贯性因素对这种优势现象的影响。同时,采用系列一同时呈现的方式,考察了句子不同成分的可提取性。     

问题表征过程的一项研究

问题表征是解决问题时理解问题的方式．本研究选用智力数学题为实验作业,通过详细分析３４名大学生被试的问题表征环节及他们问题解决的结果,探讨问题表征中的信息加工过程及其对问题解决结果的影响．实验结果表明：（１）正确的问题表征是解决问题的必要前提,在错误的或者不完整的问题空间中进行搜索不可能求得问题的正确解．（２）问题表征是对问题信息的提取和理解的过程,问题规则在问题表征中起重要作用．（３）在问题表征过程中,导致建构出错误的或者不完整的问题空间的因素包括：信息遗漏（未能将问题的有关信息全部提取出来）,信息误解（对某些问题信息做了错误的分析和理解）,隐喻干扰（问题信息中潜在的歧义性使被试困惑或误导被试的解题思路）等．     

Correspondence analysis and optimal structural representations

Many well-known measures for the comparison of distinct partitions of the same set ofn objects are based on the structure of class overlap presented in the form of a contingency table (e.g., Pearson's chi-square statistic, Rand's measure, or Goodman-Kruskal'sτ _b ), but they all can be rephrased through the use of a simple cross-product index defined between the corresponding entries from twon ×n proximity matrices that provide particular a priori (numerical) codings of the within- and between-class relationships for each of the partitions. We consider the task of optimally constructing the proximity matrices characterizing the partitions (under suitable restriction) so as to maximize the cross-product measure, or equivalently, the Pearson correlation between their entries. The major result presented states that within the broad classes of matrices that are either symmetric, skew-symmetric, or completely arbitrary, optimal representations are already derivable from what is given by a simple one-dimensional correspondence analysis solution. Besides severely limiting the type of structures that might be of interest to consider for representing the proximity matrices, this result also implies that correspondence analysis beyond one dimension must always be justified from logical bases other than the optimization of a single correlational relationship between the matrices representing the two partitions.