Rigidity in social and emotional memory in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease

Four experiments were conducted to examine social and emotional memory in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease. First, R6/2 mice were tested in a social transmission of food preference task where they had to acquire a preference for a flavoured food (acquisition) and subsequently to learn a preference for a different flavour (shifted reinforcement). R6/2 mice performed well in the acquisition trial. However, they were impaired in the shifted reinforcement trial and perseverated on the first preference learned. Second, mice were trained in an inhibitory avoidance paradigm, with either one or two footshocks delivered during the training. WT mice given one footshock showed retention levels lower than those of mice trained with two footshocks. By contrast, there was no difference in retention levels of R6/2 mice given either one or two footshocks. Third, mice were tested in an active avoidance task that paired a mild footshock with a warning light. R6/2 mice had a strong age-dependent deficit in this task. Finally, mice were tested in a conditioned taste aversion task that paired a saccharine solution with a nausea-inducing agent (LiCl). R6/2 mice displayed normal aversion, however this was not extinguished following repeated exposure to saccharine solution alone. Our data show that while R6/2 mice have functional hippocampus-based memory, they have deficits in striatum-based memory skills. Further, social and emotional memories appear to be encoded in a rigid way that is not influenced by subsequent learning or by arousal levels.     

出血性脑血管病介入治疗进展

出血性脑血管病的介入栓塞治疗由于血管内辅助技术与各种栓塞材料的综合应用取得快速发展,主要有以下三个方面：（1）生物修饰弹簧圈、封堵球囊和支架技术的应用使复杂颅内动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能;（2）非粘附性液体栓塞剂的应用提高了脑动静脉畸形和硬脑膜动静脉瘘的单纯栓塞治愈率;（3）带膜支架在颅底部巨大动脉瘤和创伤性动静脉瘘取得开创性应用。     

经皮肺活检对肺部病变的诊断价值

经皮肺活检技术应用已有100多年历史。随着影像技术的不断进步,目前已发展成为肺部疾病的重要诊断技术。本文综述了经皮肺活检对肺部病变的诊断价值。并探讨和比较了不同引导技术的特点,以及适应症、并发症及其处理。     

超声心动图与心血管造影X线引导下先心病介入封堵治疗的比较

目前先天性心脏病介入治疗已成为介入心脏病学的新热点,而先心病介入治疗离不开影像学引导,目前临床上常用的影像学引导方式主要有超声心动图和心血管造影两种,本文针对两者优缺点,从治疗方式、疗效、费用等方面进行比较,为临床治疗思路提供借鉴。     

古埃及疾病医治理念透析

疾病医治理念是古埃及文明的重要组成部分。古埃及人针对不同类别疾病有着相应的医治理念：药物、魔法与意志是内科疾病的医治理念;河渠原理是医治外科疾病的理念;对于治疗心理疾病主要是寻求神灵的拯救;预防疾病的理念是保持圣洁。挖掘、梳理这些医治理念,可以加强医学史的学科建设,对某些疾病的治疗有参考价值。     

Issues Involving Informed Consent for Research Participants with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia which is estimated to impact 350,000 people over 65 years of age in Canada. The lack of effective treatment and the growing number of people who are expected to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease in the near future are compelling reasons why continued research is in this area is necessary. With additional research, there needs to be greater recognition of the complexity of seeking ongoing informed consent from those with Alzheimer’s disease. This complexity is because the impairment of memory and cognitive ability does not diminish in a linear manner, but rather fluctuates between periods of impairment and relatively normal cognitive lucidness. There is limited discussion in the guidelines of those progressing from early stages of Alzheimer’s disease who have intermittent cognitive function. Guidelines to research and Research Ethics Boards require further development to facilitate researcher including those with Alzheimer’s disease while protecting this growing pool of potential participants.     

Impulsivity as a predictor of newly-diagnosed peptic ulcer disease: A prospective cohort study

We examined the role of impulsivity in the development of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The subjects were initially healthy 4636 hospital employees aged 19–62 who responded to a questionnaire on personality, health habits, mental health, and PUD in 1998 and 2000. We used multivariate logistic analyses to determine the relationship between impulsivity and newly-diagnosed PUD among those employees who did not have PUD at baseline. Impulsivity was assessed with the Karolinska Scale of Personality. High level of impulsivity was associated with increased 2-year incidence of doctor-diagnosed PUD after adjustment of age, gender, education and shift work (odds ratio = 2.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–4.82). Additional adjustment for the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, minor psychiatric morbidity and diagnosed depression and other psychiatric disease had little effect on this relationship. The present study suggests that impulsivity may be a risk factor for the development of PUD.     

呼吸危重症临床决策中的若干问题

在临床实践中,呼吸危重症的诊断和治疗存在着一些不同的观点。就其中某些热点问题,如慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并哮喘的诊断和机械通气的指征、肺栓塞的诊断、急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗、呼吸重症监护病房的建设和呼吸危重症的伦理学问题进行阐述,以期提高对呼吸危重症的认识。     

骨科疾病诊治中的临床思维

医学哲学是对医学科学成就总的概括,并以此为基础探讨生命活动和病程的一般规律,研究医学科学的思维方式,直至疾病预防、诊断治疗。同时研究辩证规律和范畴在医学科学中的表现,从而指导骨科医师解决在骨科疾病诊治中遇到的诸多问题,并有助于形成正确的临床思维。结合临床工作体会,探讨医学哲学在骨科疾病诊治临床思维中的应用。     

从能量观疾病

能量在机体的各种离子、分子、细胞、器官、组织、系统间协调分布,共同维持着健康状态。某一病因作用于人体后,“协调分布”会被不同程度地打破,当超过一定的阈值,就会产生疾病。对于人体,各种能量的直接表现形式和能量的携带者——各种营养物质,都与疾病之间有着千丝万缕的联系。从“能量”角度,我们既可进一步探讨尚未阐述清楚的疾病发生机制,又可以设计更为完美的治疗方案与医学仪器。