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141.
This study investigated the effects of a dependent group-oriented contingency on the supportive and non-supportive fair play behaviors of 6th grade students engaged in volleyball games as part of their physical education instruction. Six students, one male and one female per class, from three classes, identified as demonstrating low incidences of supportive behaviors during volleyball games, were participants in this study. A multiple baseline across classes design was used to examine the data. During baseline few incidences of non-supportive behaviors occurred among all six students. However, the participants seldom displayed supportive behaviors during games (i.e., encouraged each other). Following the introduction of the dependent group contingency, supportive behaviors for all participants increased. Follow-up data, collected in an alternative setting, indicated variable maintenance. The results are discussed in the context of group contingencies and social behaviors in sports. 相似文献
142.
143.
A longitudinal and multi-method examination of interest–occupation congruence within and across time
Remarkably little research has addressed change and stability in person–environment fit across time. The objective of the current study was to address this gap in the literature by investigating Holland interest–occupation congruence across time for a sample of college alumni (N = 167) that were tracked during the first third of their professional career. Congruence was examined in all its complexity, including a repeated assessment of both occupations and interests, the use of objective (O*NET) and subjective (self-report) environment assessment methods, and adopting sophisticated congruence calculation methods (i.e., Euclidean distance and profile correlation). This resulted in a total of 12 interest–occupation comparisons within and across time that could be related to general and career specific well-being. The results first indicated moderate levels of stability in interests and occupations across the 15-year time interval, yet also with room for change. Congruence analyses indicated significant interest–occupation fit at the beginning of the career and 15 years later, with the magnitude of congruence slightly varying depending on which occupation assessment and which congruence method was used. Profile correlation congruence did not change over time in absolute terms and evidenced relative stability. Euclidean distance indices had little relative stability over time but did manifest some absolute changes in levels of congruence. Finally, job change moderated the association between interest–occupation congruence and life satisfaction in such a way that higher levels of satisfaction were reported only when little job change was present. 相似文献
144.
Quality child care supports the achievement of low-income children: Direct and indirect pathways through caregiving and the home environment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kathleen McCartney Eric Dearing Beck A. Taylor Kristen L. Bub 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2007,28(5-6):411
Existing studies of child care have not been able to determine whether higher quality child care protects children from the effects of poverty, whether poverty and lower quality child care operate as dual risk factors, or whether both are true. The objective of the current study was to test two pathways through which child care may serve as a naturally occurring intervention for low-income children: a direct pathway through child care quality to child outcomes, and an indirect pathway through improvements in the home environment. Children were observed in their homes and child care settings at 6, 15, 24, and 36 months. An interaction between family income-to-needs ratio and child care quality predicted School Readiness, Receptive Language, and Expressive Language, as well as improvements in the home environment. Children from low-income families profited from observed learning supports in the form of sensitive care and stimulation of cognitive development, and their parents profited from unobserved informal and formal parent supports. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
145.
Joel Epstein W. Dean Klinkenberg Donald J. Scandell Kelly Faulkner Ronald E. Claus 《Sex roles》2007,56(1-2):23-31
This study was designed to examine the influence a potential date’s physical attractiveness and sexual history has on an individual’s
intentions to engage in safer sex. Over 1,200 participants completed an Internet survey. The questionnaire presented a randomized
biography and photograph and asked participants to rate their interest in dating and having a sexual relationship with the
target. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six conditions based on the target’s physical attractiveness (low vs.
high) and sexual experience (low, medium, or high). Results indicated that men reported greater intentions to have sex than
women did, and all participants reported greater likelihood of having sex when the potential partner was highly attractive.
Participants rated men and more experienced targets as more risky sexual partners, and the level of a target’s sexual experience
was directly related to participants’ willingness to discuss sexual risks. Results indicate a continuing need to include discussion
of cognitive factors in all HIV prevention efforts. 相似文献
146.
Lisa Nugent Sean Donahue Mia Berberat Yee Chan Justin Gier Ilpo Koskinen Tuuli Mattelmäki 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2007,20(4):269-279
In this paper, we describe a design study on how families in Los Angeles experience nature, with a particular focus on how
using alternative formats for research analysis and presentation can enrich a design research inquiry. Conducted in Pasadena,
CA as a part of Super Studio, the year-long design research class emphasized knowledge building and sharing through design
methods of analysis, exhibition, and concept prototypes. After conducting interviews and engaging participants with probes,
the class built the results into an open-ended knowledge environment. The main observation from the exhibition – that Angelenos
have a limited vocabulary for describing nature and their interaction with it – helped to define the opportunity for design
intervention that created connection points between Angelenos and nature. There are few attempts to describe how probe returns
evolve into design concepts. Showcased is a process that depends on the unique affordances of design as the vehicle for discovery
and invention. 相似文献
147.
Environments That Make Us Smart: Ecological Rationality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT— Traditional views of rationality posit general-purpose decision mechanisms based on logic or optimization. The study of ecological rationality focuses on uncovering the "adaptive toolbox" of domain-specific simple heuristics that real, computationally bounded minds employ, and explaining how these heuristics produce accurate decisions by exploiting the structures of information in the environments in which they are applied. Knowing when and how people use particular heuristics can facilitate the shaping of environments to engender better decisions. 相似文献
148.
Vansteelandt K Rijmen F Pieters G Probst M Vanderlinden J 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(8):1717-1734
Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, the within patient associations between drive for thinness, emotional states, momentary urge to be physically active and physical activity were studied in 32 inpatients with an eating disorder. Participants received an electronic device and had to indicate at nine random times a day during 1 week their momentary drive for thinness, positive and negative emotional states and their urge to be physically active and physical activity. Multilevel analyses indicated that patients with higher mean levels for urge to be physically active were characterized by lower body mass index (BMI) and chronically negative affect whereas patients with higher mean levels for physical activity were characterized by lower BMI and higher dispositions for drive for thinness. In addition, within patient relations between drive for thinness and urge to be physically active were moderated by BMI and chronically negative affect whereas within patient relations between drive for thinness and physical activity were moderated by BMI. Finally, also positive emotional states were significantly associated with physical activity within patients. By using a daily process design, characteristics of physical activity were revealed that have not been identified with assessment methods that have a lower time resolution. 相似文献
149.
The impact of a modified dialectical behavior therapy and problem-solving model is examined on the work environment of a patient
with an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). A case study is presented examining the impact this client's OCPD
behavior in the work environment and on his subordinates. Discussed are interventions that were useful in treating a motivated
patient employing cognitive-behavioral models of treatment for this disorder. The case study focuses on the work setting and
the issues tied to the work environment wherein subordinates are required to work under a supervisor with OCPD. Lessons learned,
issues and import for further study are offered. 相似文献
150.
重点讨论了医学教育环境测量和评价在医学教育改革中的地位和作用,在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,在教育环境评价和教师评价方面提出了重视学生感受,重视教育环境的动态评价,科学公正地评价教师,建立全面系统的分析方法,建立评价的分析反馈机制等看法. 相似文献