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231.
In a study of working adults (N = 131; Mean age = 43.52 yrs; 62 males) in Germany and Finland, the mean level of goal facilitation was found to be significantly higher than that of goal interference. Hence, many individuals seem to be rather successful in constructing a personal goal system that is functional in terms of supportive links. As hypothesized, goal conflict and facilitation were associated with work-related outcomes, especially with work satisfaction. The associations with family-related outcomes were less pronounced when the focus was exclusively on either supportive or interfering goal relationships. However, when the intraindividual relation between goal conflict and goal support was taken into account, we found that the relative dominance of facilitation was clearly positively associated with both work-related and family-related indicators of positive functioning. 相似文献
232.
Prestige has been demonstrated to be a component in interest assessment [Tracey, T. J. G. (1997). The structure of interests and self-efficacy expectations: An expanded examination of the spherical model of interests. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 32-43; Tracey, T. J. G. (2002). Personal Globe Inventory: Measurement of the spherical model of interests and competence beliefs [Monograph]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 113-172; Tracey, T. J. G., & Rounds, J. (1996a). The spherical representation of vocational interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48, 3-41]. However, the content of prestige and thus its meaning in activity and competency preferences has not been clarified, nor has it been differentiated from alternative explanations such as sex-typing. A vector fitting procedure was utilized from theoretical and empirical approaches with samples of college students who rated each activity item from the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI; [Tracey, T. J. G. (2002). Personal Globe Inventory: Measurement of the spherical model of interests and competence beliefs [Monograph]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 113-172]) for the following content: prestige, effort required, skill required, competition involved, and female and male sex-typing. These content ratings were matched with the theoretical structure of the PGI scales in the first sample (N = 124) and the empirical structure of the PGI items in a second sample (N = 267). Across both approaches, the PGI prestige dimension was highly related to ratings for prestige, effort, skill, effort and skill, and competition, but unrelated to sex-typing. These results support the inclusion of prestige in interest activity assessment and also assist in its interpretation. 相似文献
233.
Ian McGregor Reeshma Haji So-Jin Kang 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(5):1395-1401
Intergroup hostilities are an important social concern in multicultural societies and the global community. Individuals with dispositionally high Personal Need for Structure (PNS) are particularly inclined toward outgroup derogation [Schaller, M., Boyd, C., Yohannes, J., O’Brien, M. (1995). The prejudiced personality revisited: Personal need for structure and formation of erroneous group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 544-555]. The present research demonstrates that ingroup affirmation can eliminate high PNS individuals’ tendency toward outgroup derogation. Spontaneous (Study 1) and experimentally manipulated affirmations (Study 2) of consensual, positive ingroups eliminated the high PNS tendency to derogate outgroup targets. Study 3 experimentally manipulated the two key elements that are presumably bolstered by ingroup affirmations—self-certainty and self-worth—independent of the group context. The high PNS tendency to derogate outgroups was relieved only in the combined certainty and worth affirmation condition, just as it had been relieved in Study 2 by the ingroup affirmation. Results suggest a paradoxical strategy for relieving derogation of outgroups by affirming ingroups. 相似文献
234.
Raymond Martin 《Synthese》2008,162(3):325-340
What really matters fundamentally in survival? That question—the one on which I focus—is not about what should matter or about metaphysics. Rather, it is a factual question the answer to which can be determined, if at all, only empirically. I argue that the answer to it is that in the case of many people it is not one’s own persistence, but continuing in ways that may involve one’s own cessation that really matters fundamentally in survival. Call this the surprising result. What are we to make of it? According to several philosophers, not much. I argue that these philosophers are wrong. What best explains the surprising result is that in the case of many people one’s special concern for oneself in the future is not fundamental, but derived. I explain what this means. Finally I explain why the task of explaining empirically what matters fundamentally in survival is in some ways more like a meditative quest than a traditional inquiry in western philosophy or social science and, as such, is best answered not by psychologists, but by philosophers. 相似文献
235.
236.
In some cases people judge it morally acceptable to sacrifice one person’s life in order to save several other lives, while in other similar cases they make the opposite judgment. Researchers have identified two general factors that may explain this phenomenon at the stimulus level: (1) the agent’s intention (i.e. whether the harmful event is intended as a means or merely foreseen as a side-effect) and (2) whether the agent harms the victim in a manner that is relatively “direct” or “personal”. Here we integrate these two classes of findings. Two experiments examine a novel personalness/directness factor that we call personal force, present when the force that directly impacts the victim is generated by the agent’s muscles (e.g., in pushing). Experiments 1a and b demonstrate the influence of personal force on moral judgment, distinguishing it from physical contact and spatial proximity. Experiments 2a and b demonstrate an interaction between personal force and intention, whereby the effect of personal force depends entirely on intention. These studies also introduce a method for controlling for people’s real-world expectations in decisions involving potentially unrealistic hypothetical dilemmas. 相似文献
237.
Giorgio De Michelis Marco Loregian Claudio Moderini 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):71-78
Background In the last 30 years, there has been little innovation in workstations. The desktop metaphor has become the standard user
interface, with its pros (e.g., ease of learning) and cons (e.g., interaction constraints for skilled users, lack of context
awareness).
Objectives In this paper, we present itsme, an Italian initiative to design the next-generation workstation. Interaction design is the basis of the project, as well
as the involvement of a wide community of contributing users.
Results The early design phases of the project led to the definition of a new metaphor for personal computing, based on stories and
venues. The metaphor is being adopted for the development of a novel front-end for the Linux operating system, aimed at fulfilling
the needs and desires of knowledge workers.
相似文献
Claudio ModeriniEmail: URL: http://www.itsme.it |
238.
Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being: Evidences for a New Domain in the Personal Well-Being Index 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eduardo Wills 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(1):49-69
Subjective well-being explores the evaluations, both positive and negative, of how people experience their lives. Research
in the field inquires how people perceive their well-being in different settings, including different cultures, regions and
cities. A large number of different measures have been designed to capture subjective well-being. One of the most used SWB
measure is the Personal Well-being Index (PWI), an evaluation of life developed by Cummins et al [(2003). Social Indicators Research, 64, 159–190] which proposes that satisfaction with life consists of seven different life-domains. Theoretical considerations
of the contribution of spirituality and religiosity to life satisfaction, from a eudaimonic (from the Greek, it consists of
the word "eu" (good or well-being) and the word “daemon” (spirit)) point of view, led to test the contribution of this new
domain in the prediction of the Personal Well-being Index (PWI) in Bogotá, Colombia. Empirical results confirm the construct
validity and reliability of the scale. The contribution of the new domain—satisfaction with spirituality and religiosity—to
PWI was found significant. Based on these results the paper explores conceptually the role of spirituality contributing to
satisfaction with life. The finding stresses the importance of interpreting satisfaction with life as a whole from the Aristotelian
concept of eudaimonia. New questions for research in this important area are proposed 相似文献
239.
This study examines effects of the School-to-Work Group Method among 17-25-year-old young people facing the transition from vocational college to work. After baseline measurement (N = 416) participants were randomized into experimental and control groups. The results of ten month follow-up (N = 334) showed notable beneficial impacts of the group method on both employment itself and on how well it matched participants’ education and personal career plans. The group method also had a significant preventive effect on psychological distress and depression symptoms among those initially at risk of suffering from mental disorder. Moreover, it considerably increased participants’ personal work life, finances and property goals. 相似文献
240.
心理健康标准研究的争鸣综述及其进一步的思辨 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
综述了近五年来教育心理学界关于心理健康标准问题讨论的十余篇文章的观点。进而进一步阐述了自己关于心理健康标准的主张。文章认为,心理健康标准应分为卫生学标准和教育学标准;精英的理想发展标准和大众的现实适应标准,形成一个二维结构。 相似文献