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201.
Principles of research ethics, derived largely from Western philosophical thought, are spreading across the world of higher
education. Since 2006 the Japanese Ministry of Education has required universities in Japan to establish codes of ethical
conduct and ensure that procedures are in place to punish research misconduct. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with
13 academics in a research-intensive university in Japan, this paper considers how research ethics is interpreted in relation
to their own practice. Interviewees articulated a range of ethical issues connected with data gathering and interpretation,
applying for and using research funds, relationships with peers and research subjects, and the dissemination of results. The
paper also explores the effect of personal values and cultural norms on the Japanese interpretation of research ethics identifying
the impact in terms of the treatment of graduate research students and decision-making processes. 相似文献
202.
Jari J. Hakanen Riku Perhoniemi Salla Toppinen-Tanner 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2008,73(1):78-91
The present cross-lagged panel study aimed to investigate the energizing power of job resources and related gain spirals. Drawing on Hobfoll’s Conservation of Resources (COR) theory’s rarely tested assumptions of cumulative resource gains and gain spirals a reciprocal process was expected: (1) job resources lead to work engagement and work engagement leads to personal initiative (PI), which, in turn, has a positive impact on work-unit innovativeness, and (2) work-unit innovativeness leads to PI, which has a positive impact on work engagement, which finally predicts future job resources. The study was based on a two-wave 3-year panel design among 2555 Finnish dentists. Structural equation modeling was employed to study cross-lagged associations. The results mainly confirmed our hypotheses: positive and reciprocal cross-lagged associations were found between job resources and work engagement and between work engagement and PI. In addition, PI had a positive impact on work-unit innovativeness over time. 相似文献
203.
204.
Mark J. Landau Jeff Greenberg Clay Routledge 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):796-807
Research guided by terror management theory has shown that self-esteem provides a buffer against mortality concerns. The current research extends the theory to examine whether clarity and coherence in the structure of the self-concept serve a terror management function independent of enhancing self-esteem. Specifically, five studies tested whether mortality salience (MS) heightens diverse tendencies to clarify and integrate self-relevant knowledge, especially in individuals predisposed to seek structured knowledge. MS led high, but not low, structure-seeking participants to prefer coherent (Study 1) clearly-defined (Study 2), and simply organized (Study 3) conceptions of their personal characteristics. Also, MS led high structure-seeking participants to prefer causal coherence in recent experience (Study 4) and meaningful connections between past events and their current self (Study 5). Supporting the specificity of these effects on self-concept structuring, MS increased self-enhancement in Studies 1, 4, and 5 but these effects were not moderated by preference for structured knowledge. 相似文献
205.
Michael J. Zimmerman 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(4):429-439
The ancient question of what a good life consists in is currently the focus of intense debate. There are two aspects to this
debate: the first concerns how the concept of a good life is to be understood; the second concerns what kinds of life fall
within the extension of this concept. In this paper, I will attend only to the first, conceptual aspect and not to the second,
substantive aspect. More precisely, I will address the preliminary, underlying question of how to understand what it is in
general for something to be good for someone, from which an understanding of the more particular concept of a good life may
be derived.
相似文献
Michael J. ZimmermanEmail: |
206.
Jeremy Allen Byrd 《Synthese》2007,157(1):47-58
In his Reasons and Persons, Derek Parfit argues from the possibility of cases of fission and/or fusion of persons that one must reject identity as what
matters for personal survival. Instead Parfit concludes that what matters is “psychological connectedness and/or continuity
with the right kind of cause,” or what he calls an R-relation. In this paper, I argue that, if one accepts Parfit’s conclusion,
one must accept that R-relations are what matter for moral responsibility as well. Unfortunately, it seems that accepting
that the R-relation is what matters for both survival and moral responsibility leads to a contradiction. My goal, however,
is not merely to point out a problem in Parfit’s account. Instead, I believe that once we understand the basic intuitions
which lead to this contradiction, it is clear that there is no fully satisfactory way to account for what matters with respect
to survival and moral responsibility. 相似文献
207.
The negative reputation of women in mathematics and its consequences on their self-perceptions have been extensively demonstrated.
However, in France and other countries, the younger the students, the less pronounced these gender differences are. The focus
of this study was to explore whether children of two age groups (fourth graders and seventh graders) are aware of a math-ability
gender stereotype favorable to boys, and to determine their personal beliefs on mathematics ability. The link between this
gender stereotype and self-perceptions was also examined. As expected, there was not a clear-cut awareness of a math-ability
gender stereotype favorable to boys. More surprising, girls in both age groups and seventh-grade boys believed that girls
do better than boys. Moreover, when their gender identity was made salient, the boys who believed in girl superiority perceived
their own performance in mathematics as lower. The girls, on the other hand, regardless of their age and stereotype awareness
or personal beliefs, perceived their performance in math as higher when their gender identity was made salient than when it
was not. 相似文献
208.
209.
Recent work shows that the majority of therapists strongly value personal therapy for what it can bring to their professional practice, and for personal development. The aim of this study was to explore qualified therapists’ experiences of personal therapy. Of the 220 qualified therapists who were contacted via post and asked to take part in a questionnaire study, 48 returned the completed questionnaire, which consisted of a series of closed and open questions. Two‐thirds of respondents had engaged in personal therapy. The two most frequently cited reasons for engaging in personal therapy were personal growth and personal distress. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) identified two broad domains: impact on the person and impact on the professional. Results show that those surveyed recognised the value of personal therapy to themselves as a form of self‐care and personal development. Personal therapy was valued in professional practice as a form of experiential learning from being in the client role. The limitations of this research included a relatively low response rate, raising the question of whether those most likely to have had positive experiences of personal therapy were more likely to participate. Future research might deliberately seek to understand negative experiences of personal therapy. Other avenues for future research include the need to understand how experiences of therapy relate to gender, profession, and therapeutic orientation. 相似文献
210.
Tomasini F 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2007,28(6):497-507
This article critically evaluates bettering human life. Because this involves lives that do not exist yet, the article investigates
human eugenics and enhancement through the social prism of ‘the imaginary’ (defined ‘as a set of assumptions and concepts
for thinking and speaking about human enhancement and its future direction’) [1]. “Exploring basic assumptions underlying the idea of human enhancement” investigates underlying assumptions and claims for
human enhancement. Firstly, human eugenics and enhancement entangles a factual as well as a normative claim about what improvement/betterment
maybe constitutive of. Secondly, claims about what a better life is, is often a future orientated claim about whether certain
kinds of life that do not exist yet should ever exist. Moral images of thought are introduced and how they work to make normative judgments about lives that do not
exist. This implicates the moral problem of difference, where an image of a ‘better’ life—classically expressed in eugenics
as a ‘superior’ and/or ‘normal’ life—necessarily entails inferiority and/or deviance from a norm. “Moral imagination in contemporary fiction and the history of old eugenics”,
introduces moral images in history of eugenics and demonstrates how examples fall foul of the problem. “The new (liberal)
eugenics and the moral image of therapy” examines progress in contemporary debates, the move from authoritarian to non-authoritarian
eugenics (human enhancement), and how, to some extent, this has solved the problem of difference, through liberal defence
of personal choice. “The heart of the eugenic issue” suggests that personal choice in liberal non-authoritarian eugenics is
not immune to basic drive behind all eugenic arguments; desire as lack which is expressed as the continual dissatisfaction
of not having our future expectations met.
相似文献
Floris TomasiniEmail: |