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331.
Josée Rhéaume Robert Ladouceur Mark H. Freeston Hélène Letarte 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1994,16(4):265-276
An excessive sense of responsibility has been attributed a key role in recent models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study presents the development and initial validation of the Responsibility Questionnaire. Three hundred ninety-seven volunteer adults participated in the study. The Responsibility Questionnaire demonstrated adequate stability over a 6-week interval. Correlation analysis showed that responsibility was significantly related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms, thought suppression, irrational beliefs, and obsessional thoughts. Results are discussed in terms of current models of OCD and the implications for future research.This study was conducted by the first author under the supervision of the second author in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Maîtrise de Psychologie degree at Université Laval. The first author was supported by les Fonds pour la Formation de Chercheurs et l'Aide à la Recherche. 相似文献
332.
The development of partially and highly autonomous vehicles that take over parts of the driving task will result in changes in e.g. the responsibilities, interface and system design, task allocation and communication between driver and automated vehicle. To support this change and the increasing space of cooperative possibilities between driver and vehicle, generally accepted design principles and preconditions for successful driver-vehicle cooperation (Directability, Mutual Predictability, Joint Goals and Mutual Task-Dependency) were defined. However, research lacks validated scales measuring the proposed basic principles of driver-vehicle cooperation. Furthermore, a theory is missing that links those basic principles with a theory that enables an understanding of the influence of drivers' perception of the autonomous vehicle and context on driver-vehicle cooperation. Therefore, this work links the basic theoretical principles of driver-vehicle cooperation with the social psychological Theory of Interdependence and their dimensions (Conflict, Power, Mutual Dependence, Information Certainty, Future Interdependence). Filling the gap of missing validated scales for the principles of driver-vehicle cooperation, this study provides the development and validation of the Human-Machine-Interaction-Interdependence (HMII) questionnaire.In two studies, the new HMII questionnaire to measure drivers' perception in driver-vehicle cooperation was developed. In the first study (n = 94), items for the perception of the situation were transferred from the original Theory of Interdependence to the driver-vehicle cooperation. A 7-dimension model was identified via Explorative Factor Analysis. In the second study (n = 314), the model and items were validated via confirmatory factor analysis. A seven-factor model (Power, Conflict, Mutual Dependence Information Certainty: System to Human, Information Certainty (two levels) Future Interdependence (two levels) with 33 items showed a good fit to the data, chi2 = 841, p < .001, adjusted chi2 = 1.77, SRMR = 0.071. In sum, this questionnaire can help designers evaluate the impact of their system designs on driver perceptions of the driver-vehicle cooperation. 相似文献
333.
Oliver C. Schultheiss Nicolette M. Jones Alexstine Q. Davis Casey Kley 《Journal of research in personality》2008,42(4):971-987
Two cross-sectional studies examined the role of implicit motivational needs in the association between personal goal pursuits and depressive symptoms and affect. Replicating and extending on findings reported by Brunstein et al. [Brunstein, J. C., Schultheiss, O. C., & Grässmann, R. (1998). Personal goals and emotional well-being: The moderating role of motive dispositions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 494–508], both studies provided evidence that goal progress significantly accounted for variations in depressive symptoms and happiness only in individuals with high levels of implicit motivation, but not in individuals low in implicit motivation. Moreover, in the absence of a strong sense of goal commitment, high levels of implicit motivation were associated with high goal progress in both studies and low levels of goal rumination in Study 2. These findings are interpreted within a dual-systems framework of motivation that distinguishes an implicit, intuitive, and hedonically driven from an explicit, effortful-analytical, and non-hedonic mode of goal pursuit. 相似文献
334.
Personal life investment (PLI) measures motivational energy invested in central life domains. We distinguished between obligatory
PLIs, that is, required investments, and optional PLIs, that is, investments that are possible but not necessary. Data from
the Berlin Aging Study (N = 516; 70–103 years) were employed to investigate the validity of this distinction. We further explored how both PLI types
relate to aging satisfaction and whether associations with validation variables and satisfaction differed depending on resource
limitations (poor health). As expected based on conceptual affinities between the distinctions of obligatory-optional PLI
and approach-avoidance tendencies, both PLI types showed positive relations with extraversion (a correlate of approach), but
only obligatory PLI was positively related to neuroticism (a correlate of avoidance). Optional PLI (not obligatory PLI) was
related to higher aging satisfaction, but only in fairly healthy people. This underscores differential functional relations
of optional PLI depending on resource availability.
相似文献
Ursula M. StaudingerEmail: |
335.
336.
Virtual prejudice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
According to recent theorizing in social psychology, social behavior is controlled not only by reflective, but also by impulsive systems. The latter are based on associative links that may influence behavior without intent. The current study examined how prejudiced implicit associations affect physiological and automatic behavioral responses. Our native Dutch participants were immersed in a virtual environment in which they encountered virtual persons (avatars) with either White or Moroccan facial features. In line with our predictions, participants maintained more distance and showed an increase in skin conductance level when approaching Moroccan avatars as opposed to White avatars. Participants’ implicit negative associations with Moroccans moderated both effects. Moreover, evidence was found that the relation between implicit prejudice and distance effects was fully mediated by skin conductance level effects. These data demonstrate how prejudiced implicit associations may unintentionally lead to impulsive discriminatory responses. 相似文献
337.
The psychometric properties of the Swedish self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-s), and the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems as measured by the SDQ-s, were studied in 14 to 15-year-old adolescents. The psychometric properties were found to be similar to those found in other language versions, in terms of similar factor structure and acceptable test-retest stability, but low internal consistencies for some of the subscales. There was evidence of good convergent and discriminant validity. The results with regard to gender differences replicated previous findings in other countries, the girls reporting more emotional symptoms and more prosocial behavior, and the boys reporting more conduct problems and tending to report more peer problems. It is concluded that the results are in favor of using the Swedish SDQ-s as a screening instrument for adolescents, despite the low internal consistencies of some of its subscales. 相似文献
338.
Jure Zovko 《Synthese》2008,162(3):425-438
In this article, I discuss the manner in which Dieter Henrich’s theory of subjectivity has emerged from the fundamental questions
of German Idealism, and in what manner and to what extent this theory effects a reinstatement of metaphysics. In so doing,
I shall argue that Henrich’s position represents a viable refutation of the attempt of the physicalist explanation of the
world to prove the concept of the subject to be superfluous. Henrich’s metaphysics of subjectivity is primarily focused on
the ‘ultimate questions’ which also compose “the deep levels of our subjectivity” and concern the factors that should promote
stability in our emotional, moral and intellectual life. I argue with Henrich that the indisputable facticity of our conscious
life is worthy of our special consideration and interpretation, explanation and clarification, just as the deeper meaning
(the individual and collective subconscious structure) hidden beneath the layers of apparent comprehensibility calls for urgent
investigation. Such interpretation and elucidation of life’s meaning has a tripartite character: first, it consists of clarification
of the totality of human experience together with the realities playing a part in it; second, it builds on the process by
which the contents of experience are cognized, and the knowledge thereof which results; thirdly, it embraces the transcendental
precondition enabling each and every one of us to consciously lead our lives—for life, in a human sense, does not merely happen to one. Henrich’s metaphysical foundation of subjectivity is
compared with Kolak‘s position, according to which individual consciousness is not insular, but integrated into the totality
of overall unity that some have called “the Universal Self”, “the Noumenal Self”. 相似文献
339.
Jay Lombard 《Synthese》2008,162(3):439-450
Daniel Kolak’s theory of synchronic consciousness according to which the entire range of dissociative phenomena, from pathologies
such as MPD and schizophrenia to normal dream states, are best explained in terms of consciousness becoming simultaneously
identified as many selves, has revolutionary therapeutic implications for neurology and psychiatry. All these selves, according
to Kolak—even the purely imaginary ones that exist as such only in our dreams—are not just conscious but also self-conscious,
with beliefs, intentions, living lives informed by memories (confabulatory, in the case of the fictional ones) and personal
histories. Kolak’s derivation of psychiatrically relevant aspects of his theory—a neurological rendition of a Kantian transcendental
argument—can be given a straightforward neurological, and therefore open to scientific scrutiny, interpretation that would
then more easily lend itself to the clinical setting in which these perplexing phenomena, along with their purveyors, must
live and cope. This will be the main focus of this paper. 相似文献
340.
Kirk R. Blankstein David M. Dunkley January Wilson 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(1):29-61
We examined the mediational role of self-esteem in the relation between evaluative concerns (EC) and personal standards (PS)
perfectionism, and measures of personal concerns, academic concerns, and estimated grade point average (EGPA) in 386 university
students. Self-esteem partially mediated the relation between EC perfectionism and students’ personal and academic concerns.
EC perfectionism was a weak predictor of EGPA. PS perfectionism was not related to academic concerns. Although PS was associated
with personal concerns both directly and indirectly through low levels of self-esteem in women only, these findings did not
hold when controlling for EC perfectionism. PS perfectionism had a direct positive relation with EGPA. Neither PS nor EC perfectionism
interacted with self-esteem to predict unique variance in personal or academic concerns or EGPA. The results are consistent
with our view that a perfectionism dimension that is primarily maladaptive can be distinguished from a dimension that can
be adaptive. The implications for research and treatment are considered.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |