Quelques réflexions sur l’incidence des valeurs éthiques sur le choix technique des interventions psychothérapeutiques

If we consider the evolution in the patterns of psychopathology during the 20th century, we discover the evolution of ethical values implicit in the theory and their implications as far as our technical choices are concerned. The therapeutic relationship is asymmetrical, not only because of different role positions but also because of an inherent power differential. The therapist is consciously recognized as occupying a superior role because of his or her professional status and at the unconscious level, too, through transfer and projection of different fantasies. Being in charge of the therapeutic process carries with it the professional responsibility for handling this asymmetry. The therapist's theoretical and technical decisions in this regard reflect his or her ideology about power and how it should be used to establish the therapeutic alliance.     

心理治疗之道：用中国道家太极理论统合现代心理治疗流派

本文指出现代心理治疗学的核心是阴阳转变,心理治疗的基本策略是顺势策略（阴阳顺时针转变）和逆势策略（阴阳逆时针转变）,现代心理治疗流派的整体结构是一个太极阴阳结构。本文同时指出太极阴阳理论不但能统合现代心理治疗学,同时解决了现代心理治疗学在处理生理问题时的无能,因为太极阴阳理论在中医上的丰硕成果足以提供现代心理治疗学解决生理问题的丰富资讯．     

Sentences with Strong Psychological Impact in Psychotherapy: Research in Progress

After a brief exposition of Elementary Pragmatic Model about changes in dyadic interactions, the validity and clinical usefulness of the model was evaluated with a newly created test, called SISCI-Sentences. This test is composed of 90 Sentences with strong psychological impact. Administration of this test to non-clinical and clinical participants produced statistically significant differences between the choices of participants in the two groups. Implications of these results for the use of these Sentences in the course of psychotherapy are discussed.

Satiation Therapy and Exposure Response Prevention in the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

The purpose of present study was to test the comparative effectiveness of Satiation Therapy and Exposure Response Prevention techniques in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disordered patients. Sixty self-referred male outpatient cases were investigated within a randomized controlled trial. Patients were allocated to Satiation Therapy, Exposure Response Prevention or wait-list control groups. Obsessive–compulsive symptoms were measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale at baseline, post-treatment, and 3 and 6 month follow-ups. The therapeutic groups had more significant improvement than the control group. In addition, there was not a significant difference between therapeutic groups on post-treatment and follow-up assessments which showed that Satiation Therapy and Exposure Response Prevention were similarly effective in reducing obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Analyses revealed that therapeutic groups had improved significantly while the control group had continued unchanged. Finally, the present investigation supported both Satiation Therapy and Exposure Response Prevention in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder.     

Validation of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) in a Community Sample with Elevated Depressive Symptoms

The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) was previously developed to measure changes in avoidance and activation over the course of Behavioral Activation for depression. Initial scale development, definition of the factor structure and confirmation of the factor structure was performed with a non-depressed undergraduate sample. These prior results revealed four factors (Activation, Avoidance/Rumination, Work/School Impairment, and Social Impairment) with good factor structure, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, factor structure and construct validity of the BADS with a community sample with elevated depressive symptoms (N = 193). Results indicated good psychometric properties, additional evidence for construct validity of the total scale and subscales, and adequate fit of the data to the original factor structure. Normative data are also provided separately for depressed men and women, and for Caucasians and African Americans.     

Psychotherapy: Definitions, Mechanisms of Action, and Relationship to Etiological Models

In this paper, we define psychotherapy as a modality of treatment in which the therapist and patient(s) work together to ameliorate psychopathologic conditions and functional impairment through focus on the therapeutic relationship; the patient's attitudes, thoughts, affect, and behavior; and social context and development. The possible mechanisms of action and active ingredients of psychotherapy in children and adolescents are discussed, with an emphasis on the above-noted domains. The adult psychotherapy literature strongly supports the central roles of the therapeutic relationship and therapeutic empathy; this has been much less intensively explored in the child and adolescent psychotherapy literature. Similarly, there have been few studies examining the mediation of treatment effects by impact on specific domains. Ideally, treatment studies should gather data that can be informative about the impact of putative mediating and moderating psychosocial and biological variables on outcome and course. The results of such studies can aid further refinements in both theories of etiology and improvement in treatments for children and adolescents.     

Revolutionary Claims and Visions in Psychotherapy: An Anthropathological Perspective

Consideration of the semantic problem of revolution in psychotherapy is followed by some justifications for a critical and subjective approach to this discussion. Alleged revolutions in the field are critically examined, followed by an envisaged revolution and its possible ingredients. Attention is paid to the concept of a revolutionary new human, with affective-somatic and embodied-mystical examples given. Obstacles to such revolution are briefly examined and the concept of universal human sickness or anthropathology is discussed, along with the notion of an anti-anthropathological revolution.     

Psychotherapy as a rite of passage

Some psychotherapies may work because they resemble rites of passage. To explore this idea, this article describes an "individual" case of depression in which drug, cognitive, and narrative approaches fell short of effectiveness, and change occurred in a series of experiences that resemble a rite of passage. This resemblance is illuminated by examining two apparently quite different healing processes--Alcoholics Anonymous and multifamily group therapy in schizophrenia--to explore the elements they have in common with the case described: the acceptance of what Victor Turner called a liminal experience, and the importance of witnesses to the ritual support for that acceptance. The discussion contributes to a loosening of the distinctions between the processes of individual, family, group, and other social therapies and leads to questions about the expert knowledge the therapist provides.