高中生学习力的影响因素研究*

采用自编学习力及学习力影响因素问卷,对3056名高中生进行调查,建构学习力与影响因素的数学模型,探究各影响因素对高中生学习力的影响路径。结果发现,（1）影响高中生学习力的因素有六个,分别是认知能力、动机水平、精神状态、人际协调、身心优势感和学习氛围。（2）对学习力解释的贡献率大小排列依次为：精神状态、动机水平、学习氛围、认知能力、身心优势感和人际协调。（3）学习方法运用力主要受动机水平、精神状态、学习氛围、认知能力等4因素的影响;学习态度调控力主要受到精神状态、动机水平、学习氛围及认知能力等4因素的影响;学习自控力主要受精神状态的影响;提问互惠力主要受认知能力、精神状态、动机水平及学习氛围的影响。     

Posttraumatic stress and depression: potential pathways to disease burden among heart failure patients

Background and Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are associated with high disease burden. Pathways by which PTSD and MDD contribute to disease burden are not understood. Design: Path analysis was used to examine pathways between PTSD symptoms, MDD symptoms, and disease burden among 251 low-income heart failure patients. Methods: In Model 1, we explored the independent relationship between PTSD and MDD symptoms on disease burden. In Model 2, we examined the association of PTSD symptoms and disease burden on MDD symptoms. We also examined indirect associations of PTSD symptoms on MDD symptoms, mediated by disease burden, and of PTSD symptoms on disease burden mediated by MDD symptoms. Results: Disease burden correlated with PTSD symptoms (r = .41; p < .001) and MDD symptoms (r = .43; p < .001) symptoms. Both models fit the data well and displayed comparable fit. MDD symptoms did not mediate the association of PTSD symptoms with disease burden. Disease burden did mediate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and MDD symptoms. Conclusions: Results support the importance of detection of PTSD in individuals with disease. Results also provide preliminary models for testing longitudinal data in future studies.     

基于一般线性模型框架的心理统计教学

心理统计学教学中,不同的统计方法常常是独立教学,致使学生不易理解各种方法之间的关系。事实上,t检验、方差分析和多元线性回归等方法都可以统一到一般线性模型的框架下,而结构方程是对这个框架的最一般化的描述,且结构方程路径图是呈现这个框架的形象工具。因此,本文尝试用路径图的方式来呈现心理学研究中最常用的统计方法,并将结构方程分析结果与传统分析结果进行对照,帮助学生建立一般线性模型上位概念,将以往孤立的统计方法联系起来。     

映射具体性和语境线索对新颖隐喻加工的影响

研究旨在考察映射具体性对新颖隐喻加工的影响及语境线索的作用,并进一步探索映射具体性高的隐喻加工困难的原因。实验1的ERPs结果发现：知觉隐喻反应时显著长于物理-心理隐喻和直接语义;两类隐喻在有语境线索下的反应时显著长于无语境线索。有语境线索的知觉隐喻比无语境线索在前部位置诱发了更负的N400成分,在中部诱发了更正的LPC成分;有语境线索的物理-心理隐喻在前部、顶部比无语境线索诱发了更正LPC成分。实验2的语义判断任务结果发现：在映射具体性不同的两类隐喻中,多映射通路隐喻的反应时均显著长于单一映射通路隐喻。总体结果支持语境线索对新颖隐喻加工的干扰效应。     

Applications of combinatorial programming to data analysis: The traveling salesman and related problems

The Traveling Salesman and similar combinatorial programming tasks encountered in operations research are discussed as possible data analysis models in psychology, for example, in developmental scaling, Guttman scaling, profile smoothing, and data array clustering. In addition, a short overview of the various computational approaches from this area of combinatorial optimization is included.The research of the first author was supported by a research grant SOC-75-07860 from the National Science Foundation.     

Trace autoshaping: Acquisition, maintenance, and path dependence at long trace intervals

The pigeon's tendency to acquire and maintain signal-directed key pecking under a trace conditioning procedure was parametrically examined. In Experiment 1, the percentage of CS trials with a key peck response was a decreasing function of the trace interval for separate groups of pigeons. The majority of subjects acquired signal-directed key pecking with trace intervals as long as 36 sec. In Experiment 2, differential maintenance of key pecking occurred across trace intervals in a within-subject procedure. Maintenance of key pecking at 36- and 60-sec trace intervals was path dependent in that responding depended on the subject's performance under the preceding trace interval.     

Antecedents and Consequences of Job Stressors: A Study in a Third World Setting

The present study investigates the antecedents and consequences of job stressors, especially role conflict and role ambiguity, in an environment where multiculturalism is a dominant feature of the workforce. This study used a sample of 397 employees in various manufacturing and service organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Path analysis revealed that age is negatively related to role conflict and positively to role ambiguity, and that nationality is positively related to role ambiguity. Results further indicate that role conflict directly and negatively influences job satisfaction, whereas role ambiguity directly and indirectly influences job satisfaction. Role conflict (directly), role ambiguity (directly and indirectly) and positively influence absenteeism. Both role conflict and role ambiguity negatively influence affective and behavioral tendency dimensions of attitudes toward organizational change, while role ambiguity directly and negatively influences cognitive attitude toward organizational change. Implications, limitations, lines of future research, and contributions were discussed.     

军校医学生心理应激影响因素的通径分析

目的探讨军校医学生心理应激的影响因素及其相互作用方式。方法选用军校医学生日常困扰评定量表、应付方式问卷、特质焦虑问卷、自尊量表和流调中心用抑郁量表对935名军校医学生进行测试，采用SPSS10．0对数据进行统计分析。结果日常困扰主要通过间接作用影响军校医学生的心理应激；自尊和特质焦虑对心理应激具有直接作用和间接作用。应付方式是日常困扰、个性特点影响心理应激的中间环节。结论维护军校医学生的身心健康，可以把优化其个性结构，加强应对训练作为一个切入点。     

银屑病发病的心理社会因素及危险因素间关系的探讨——非条件Logistic回归分析和通径分析

本文对97例寻常型银屑病患者以及71例皮肤科对照组患者进行了成组病例对照性研究。相对危险度分析从36个研究因素中筛选出14项可疑危险因素;非条件Logistic回归分析提示其中8项因素有明显的致病意义;结合专业知识,对这8项危险因素进行通径分析。研究结果表明,银屑病发病是多因素综合作用的结果,心理社会危险因素通过直接或/和间接(联合)作用,影响致病过程。经通径图将各因素的作用大小、作用形式及协同作用关系较直观地描绘出来。