亲子关系对自尊的影响：一项基于贫困大学生的研究

为了探索亲子关系在经济压力影响下的差异以及亲子关系对贫困大学生内隐与外显自尊的影响,本研究抽取67名贫困大学生和65名非贫困大学生进行比较研究。结果发现：（1）贫困大学生对父母持积极的内隐态度和显著的高内隐自尊;（2）非贫困大学生的父母教养方式比贫困大学生的更积极,但贫困大学生比非贫困大学生对父母的内隐态度更积极;（3）贫困大学生父母的积极教养方式对外显、内隐自尊以及自尊的分离有显著的预测作用,非贫困大学生的内隐父母态度对三个因变量预测作用较好。因此,亲子关系中相对薄弱的方面对自尊有重要影响。     

Day‐to‐day experiences of amae in Japanese romantic relationships

The cultural psychology of romantic relationships is relatively understudied. To redress this lacunae, the present study examined the Japanese concept of ‘amae’, or the state of expecting a close other's indulgence when one behaves inappropriately, within the day‐to‐day relationships of 30 Japanese undergraduate romantic couples. For 2 weeks, both partners completed daily diaries that assessed their amae behaviour (requesting, receiving, and providing amae), relationship quality, conflict, and motivation to enhance closeness. Results revealed that amae behaviour was associated with greater relationship quality and less conflict. The motivation to enhance closeness partially mediated the association of amae with relationship quality.     

Sibling relationship quality in early adolescence: child and maternal perceptions and daily interactions

Correspondence between child and maternal perceptions of sibling relationship quality (standards, actual ratings, problems) and children's reports of daily interactions were assessed in 40 early adolescent children (M age=11.5 yrs) and their mothers (n=32). Children completed the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985. Child Development, 56, 448–461) and Daily Checklist ratings of sibling interactions for 14 days. Mothers completed the Parental Expectations and Perceptions of Children's Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Kramer & Baron, 1995. Family Relations, 44, 95–103). Overall, findings revealed correspondence between child perceptions of sibling warmth and maternal ratings of standards, actual ratings, and problems in sibling warmth but not conflict and rivalry. Maternal and child perceptions of sibling relationship qualities were positively associated with children's reports of ongoing interactions. Finally, regression analyses identified unique maternal and child correlates for both happy and prosocial daily interactions. Findings are discussed in light of recent research and theory on family dynamics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青少年浪漫关系研究的现状与展望

浪漫关系(romantic relationship)是情侣在交往过程中形成的一种心理关系, 由亲密、激情和承诺三部分组成。本文对浪漫关系的概念、类型、行为系统, 以及发展等方面进行了分析。家庭、同伴、个体沟通手段, 以及文化背景等是青少年浪漫关系的主要影响因素。当前浪漫关系的研究方法主要包括自我报告法、访谈法、观察法、叙述法以及实验法。未来研究应着重探讨青少年浪漫关系机制, 及其与心理健康的关系和青少年浪漫关系的本土化研究与跨文化研究的比较。     

On being victimized by peers in the advent of adolescence: prospective relationships to objectified body consciousness

Previous research indicates that peer victimization is tied to children's negative appearance evaluations. The current study examines whether early peer victimization is also prospectively related to objectified body consciousness. Six-hundred-and-two Swedish boys and girls answered questionnaires at age 10, and again at age 18. Main findings showed that being the target of peer victimization at age 10 was related to more habitual appearance monitoring and body shame at age 18. Gender moderated the relations between victimization and body shame, with victimized girls experiencing stronger body shame than victimized boys. Additionally, whereas boys experienced less body shame than girls, they were equally likely to monitor their appearance. In sum, this study provides preliminary support to the notion that peer victimization is involved in the processes by which young adolescents’ self-objectify. Future studies are warranted to further validate these findings.     

中国婆媳关系初探

婆媳关系、婆媳冲突是几千年以来就存在的现象,其隐含了心理、伦理、文化、社会,乃至国家、民族等诸多因素。本文对婆媳关系时代变化的特点进行描述和对婆媳之间冲突矛盾的原因进行初步的探讨。     

Assortative mating in morningness-eveningness

Individuals differ in their morningness-eveningness preference (circadian preference); that is, some prefer morning hours for intellectual and physical activities and others prefer late afternoon or evening hours. This has been viewed as an interesting facet of personality. Assortative mating has been studied in personality research, but assortative mating in circadian preference has rarely been examined. Eighty-four couples participated in this study. They filled in the Composite Scale of Morningness; they also supplied data about rise times and bedtimes as well as information about relationship satisfaction and duration. The results revealed a moderate positive relationship between couple partners in morningness-eveningness which persisted after correcting for age. Similarly, correlations existed between the sleep-wake variables (rise time and bedtime) on weekdays and on the weekends, the association being higher for weekends. There was no significant correlation between length of the relationship and dissimilarity in morningness-eveningness, suggesting that the above-reported correlations reflect an initial assortment rather than convergence effects. Further, no significant correlation was found between dissimilarity in morningness-eveningness and relationship satisfaction. The results suggest that assortative mating in morningness-eveningness is likely and is probably based on an initial assortment. The likelihood to meet and mate may also be linked to chronotype. When differences in circadian preferences exist between possible partners, this reduces the likelihood that these persons meet either by accident or during work and leisure activities. Therefore, two extreme chronotypes are unlikely to meet each other because they have the smallest overlap in their preferred active time during the day due to the circadian rhythmicity.     

信任是改善医患关系的关键

目前医患关系紧张,医疗纠纷频繁,同时又是新闻媒体追逐的热点,追究其原因是医患之间的不信任。如果医患之间成为相互信任的朋友,医患之间多一些相互理解,医生掌握精湛的医术,具备良好的沟通能力,做一个充满阳光的常常带给患者乐观情绪、鼓励话语、轻松气氛的医生,加上医疗体制的改革,应该可以有效改善紧张的医患关系。     

外科医生人文素质培养的探讨

随着社会发展和医学模式的转变,患者对身心健康及医学人文服务的需求也越来越高。在临床治疗过程中,外科医生不仅要具有广泛高深的医学专业知识和丰富的临床经验,而且要具有良好的人文素质。提高外科医生的人文素质对于减少医患纠纷及构建和谐医患关系具有重要的现实意义。本文就外科医生的人文素质培养方面谈谈几点体会。     

十六大以来党中央对马克思主义宗教观的新认识和新观点

十六大以来,以胡锦涛为总书记的中央领导集体,从构建社会主义和谐社会的总体战略出发,提出了建立和谐宗教关系的理论;强调要充分发挥宗教在促进社会和谐方面的积极作用,发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用;进一步明确了宗教工作在党和国家工作中的地位,要求加强和改善党对宗教工作的领导,形成了对宗教问题的新认识和新观点。