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341.
From indirect aggression to invisible aggression: A conceptual view on bullying and peer group manipulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent research has emphasized the importance of indirect aggression among children and has challenged the conception that aggressive children lack social–cognitive skills. In schools, victimization against non-provocative targets rarely involves just a dyad, but might not be simply the product of group processes either. This paper suggests that in most cases it results from the encounter between a skillful bully and a group that lacks true cohesiveness, through a process of normative social influence. Groups with low quality of friendships may be more likely than others to become instruments of aggression as victimization provides them with a common goal and an appearance of cohesion. We hypothesize that, in some cases, the manipulation of a healthy-functioning group is also possible but requires use of particularly subtle devices, and thus a higher level of social intelligence by the bully. We also suggest that in such a situation the aggressive act is not just indirect, but invisible and the influence exerted on the group might be informational and not normative. Implications for the characteristics of the victim and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
342.
Pattie Yuk Yee Luk-Fong 《Social Psychology of Education》2006,9(4):425-441
The personal beliefs of teachers and the cultural traditions of society can have significant effects on the adjustment of
children in changing family situations. This paper explores primary school teachers’ perception of children coping with difficult
family situations and family changes in the hybrid context of Hong Kong, where Westernization meets with Chinese culture.
A qualitative case study methodology was used. Thirty one teachers of different ages, experience, and roles at school were
interviewed. The finding shows that teachers were on the whole quite traditional in their perception of children in difficult
family situations despite the co-existence of modern ideas of marriage with traditional family values. Implications of the
study for teacher education are discussed. 相似文献
343.
Joshua M. Englehart 《Social Psychology of Education》2006,9(3):245-272
In an attempt to describe class size effects on student behavior that might be predictable from one setting to the next, the
author proposes a social psychology framework. He hypothesizes that social loafing, deindividuation, and social facilitation
can explain patterns of student participation, off-task behavior, and in-class performance, respectively, as a function of
the size of the class. Data from interviews with eight middle-school teachers suggest that these concepts are marginally applicable
to the behaviors in question. At the same time, other class size effects on student behavior are described which may be inherent
in class size and thus be reasonably predictable.
Josh Englehart is a recent PhD receipient from Cleveland State University. He is currently a public school Physical Education
teacher in Painesville, Ohio. His research to date has included class size effects on various outcome variables, teacher perceptions
of student intelligence, and student motivation. 相似文献
344.
The experience of menstruation was examined through an analysis of women's narratives in order to understand perceptions of menstrual cycle changes. Research within a medical anthropology perspective was conducted with 43 women who volunteered for a study on the knowledge and understanding of menstruation and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from 1997 to 1999. Although most women accepted the PMS label and placed their cyclic changes within the realm of sickness, a small group of women were identified who conceptualized their cyclic changes in an extremely positive way thus reframing their experiences. More positive perceptions of menstrual changes may have a significant impact on the reevaluation of menstrual cycle fluctuations as sickness without devaluing the experiences of those women with severe changes. 相似文献
345.
Rob Gueterbock 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2004,3(3):265-271
As some corporations begin to enjoy power and influence on a scale comparable with or even more extensive than governments, it is consumers rather than voters who are starting to hold the key to political and social change. Companies which fail to take consumer opinion into account face real threats to their brand image, and ultimately to their bottom line. This case study explores the Greenpeace‐led StopEsso campaign, detailing the campaign history, strategy and tactics, and assessing its impact so far. It shows how negative consumer perceptions of ExxonMobil (Esso), based around the issue of the company's approach to climate change, are damaging the company's interests and that the changing interactions of other key stakeholders with the company could also threaten Exxon's competitiveness. It concludes that as corporate power increases, so must corporate responsibility, for consumers are increasingly unwilling to accept dishonest or unfair behaviour, and increasingly willing to withdraw their financial support for companies which fail to respond to their expectations. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd. 相似文献
346.
This study investigated whether therapist–rater religious match predicts better therapist ratings. Christian and Muslim Lebanese students (N = 187) were randomized into 3 conditions. A written vignette of the therapist was constant across conditions, but her picture was manipulated to include a veil, a cross pendant, or neither. Participants filled out a therapist rating form afterward. There were no significant differences in overall therapist ratings between groups. 相似文献
347.
Little research has examined the emotional labour of prisoners working in the prison. Drawing from interviews with members of the Peer Offender Prevention Service (POPS) at a Canadian prison, which is an initiative whereby some prisoners trained in suicide prevention serve as mentors and guides for other prisoners experiencing distress, this paper examines how the work of POPS involves management of one's own emotions as well as the emotions of other prisoners. We reveal how this emotional labour happens in specific areas and spaces of the prison. However, drawing from other trends in the sociology of emotions, we also show how there are emotions beyond emotion management in the prison, which entails analyzing trust and confidence among POPS members, and exploring community and communal emotional climates. The paper makes an empirical contribution by adding to literature on emotions and prison conditions, as well as a conceptual contribution by advancing literature on emotional labour. 相似文献
348.
349.
Darren C. Treadway Garry L. Adams Joseph M. Goodman 《Journal of business and psychology》2005,20(2):201-209
Merging the climate and politics literatures, this study evaluates whether organizations have a singular, shared political
climate or whether sub-climates, “pockets of politics,” exist. Sub-climate formation is investigated by utilizing both political
and climate explanations to determine the level of formation. The sample consisted of 891 employees of a retail services firm
and the results of the study indicate that political climates do exist and may be best distinguished by defining the employee’s
interactional patterns. 相似文献
350.
The self allows us to reflect on our own behavior and to imagine what others think of us. Clinical experience suggests that these abilities may be impaired in people with personality disorders. They do not recognize the impact that their behavior has on others, and they have difficulty understanding how they are seen by others. We collected information regarding pathological personality traits--using both self and peer report measures--from groups of people who knew each other well (at the end of basic military training). In previous papers, we have reported that agreement between self-report and peer-report is only modest. In this paper, we address the question: Do people know that others disagree with their own perceptions of themselves? We found that expected peer scores predicted variability in peer report over and above self-report for all 10 diagnostic traits. People do have some incremental knowledge of how they are viewed by others, but they do not tell you about it unless you ask them to do so; the knowledge is not reflected in ordinary self-report data. Among participants who expect their peers to describe them as narcissistic, those who agree with this assessment are viewed as being less narcissistic by their peers than those who deny being narcissistic. It therefore appears that insight into how one is viewed by others can moderate negative impressions fostered by PD traits. 相似文献