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131.
神经管缺陷的病因、预防与产前控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
郭永松 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(6):13-15
根据《中国人群死亡及其危险因素流行水平、趋势和发布》的报告和相关研究表明,全世界约有1亿人患有抑郁症,且数量有增无减,抑郁症将成为本世纪一种相当流行的病症。由于抑郁症是一种患病率高,严重危害人类身心健康,具有高自杀风险的精神疾病,更需要我们采取措施积极预防。目前采用的主要预防方法有:积极的心理健康教育、处理好家庭与社会的关系、社会支持、心理调适和体育锻炼等。 相似文献
132.
Margaret O’Brien Caughy Saundra M. Nettles Patricia J. O’Campo 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(6):819-836
We examined the impact of neighborhood characteristics both directly and indirectly as mediated by parent coaching and the
parent/child affective relationship on behavioral and school adjustment in a sample of urban dwelling first graders. We used
structural equations modeling to assess model fit and estimate direct, indirect, and total effects of neighborhood structural
and social characteristics on parenting behavior and child outcomes. Observed physical incivilities in the neighborhood were
associated with lower levels of parent eliciting behavior and higher levels of child behavior problems. The effects of neighborhood
structural characteristics were mediated partially through neighborhood community involvement with children, which had a direct
significant impact on parent eliciting behavior and an indirect effect on child behavior problems. Neighborhood community
involvement with children was associated with higher levels of parent eliciting behavior and lower levels of child behavior
problems. Observed physical incivilities had a significant indirect association with poor school adjustment and a marginally
significant association with positive school adjustment to first grade. Neighborhood community involvement with children was
more strongly associated with positive school adjustment than poor school adjustment. 相似文献
133.
Tim Mapel 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(1):19-34
This study explores the adjustment process of five Western ex-Buddhist monks to life after the monastery, using an in depth
case study approach and thematic analysis. Participants discussed their initial experience of leaving, the process of creating
a new life and their relationship with the past. The findings indicated that while each case was unique, significant common
themes emerged as features of the adjustment process. The adjustment had been multi-dimensional, challenging, difficult, confusing,
complex and profound for the participants. They had to contend with issues of grief, delayed development, missing out on life
experiences, difficulties with intimacy, money, identity, depression, anxiety and confusion. This was combined with the hope
and promise of many newly found freedoms involved in establishing a new life and identity. Parallels are drawn to the experience
of Catholic priests and nuns who have departed their Orders, Vietnam veterans, ex-cult members and individuals who have left
total institutions where their identity and daily lives were highly prescribed. The adjustment experience of ex-Buddhist monks
extends the literature on Buddhist monks and provides an example of a life transition of interest to the helping professions
because of its potential relevance to a range of major transitions for which clients may seek assistance.
Tim Mapel is a lecturer in the Bachelor of Applied Social Sciences degree at the Eastern Institute of Technology in New Zealand.
He has a Master’s degree in counseling and works with individuals, couples and groups. He has a passion for the practice of
mindfulness and for facilitating a sense of aliveness in people’s lives. He is an advanced Psychodrama trainee and spent 12 years
living as an ordained Buddhist monk. Originally from Boston, USA he has lived in the UK, Switzerland, and now considers New
Zealand home. 相似文献
134.
135.
The present study assessed the relations between basic motor abilities in kindergarten and scholastic, social, and emotional adaptation in the transition to formal schooling. Seventy‐one five‐year‐old kindergarten children were administered a battery of standard assessments of basic motor functions. A year later, children's adjustment to school was assessed via a series of questionnaires completed by the children and their class teachers. The results indicate that in addition to the already documented association between visual–motor integration and academic achievement, other motor functions show significant predictive value to both scholastic adaptation and social and emotional adjustment to school. The results further suggest a better prediction of scholastic adaptation and level of disruptive behaviour in school when using an aggregate measure of children's ability in various motor domains than when using assessments of singular motor functions. It is concluded that good motor ability may serve as a buffer to the normative challenges presented to children in the transition to school. In contrast, poor motor ability emerges as a vulnerability factor in the transition to formal schooling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
136.
学习的倦怠之原因与对策研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
学习的倦怠是一种消极的萎靡不振的身心状态,是乏力、焦虑、厌倦、冷漠、消沉、郁闷、悲观等的综合反映。学习过分紧张,破坏生命节律,学习和升学上的压力过大,学习上的挫折与归因不当,缺乏自信心等都是学习倦怠的根源。恢复体力和脑力,科学安排学习生活;舒缓压力,放飞心灵;改进学习,创造成功体验;积极评价,找回自信等都是解决倦怠的有效措施。 相似文献
137.
Richard T. Clarke Ph.D. Mark Schaefer B.S. John D. Burchard Ph.D. Julie W. Welkowitz B.A. 《Journal of child and family studies》1992,1(3):241-261
During the past two decades there has been a significant increase in community-based mental health and educational services for children and youth with serious emotional and behavioral problems and their families. However, in the vast majority of programs there are no reliable longitudinal data on the adjustment of the children that are served. Project Wraparound was a community-based individualized treatment program which served children and youth with severely maladjusted behavior and their families by providing intensive home and school-based services. The purpose of this paper is to provide a longitudinal analysis of client and family adjustment data. Data on client adjustment within the home and characteristics of the home environment were obtained at intervals of 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Data on client adjustment in school was obtained at four points over a period of 2 years. The results from 19 cases indicate that substantial change occurred on measures of the home environment and client adjustment in the home with no significant change in adjustment in the school. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
138.
We designed two new measures—the Index of Life Stress (ILS) and the Index of Social Support (ISS)—to assist in the prediction of cultural adjustment for an Asian international student population. In the present study, these two measures were administered to 101 Asian international students. Stability estimates over 1 month were high: .97 for the ILS and .81 for the ISS. Construct validity, assessed via factor analyses, and concurrent validity, assessed via regression analyses to criteria of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation were satisfactory. Incremental validity for these two measures relative to extant measures of life stress and social support were computed. Results from these analyses indicated that these two measures added incrementally to the prediction of adjustment beyond that offered by existing measures. 相似文献
139.
Satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is associated with higher well-being. However, little is known about change or stability in this association over the life span. We therefore investigated changes in the association between well-being and basic psychological need satisfaction in the retirement transition. Data was drawn from four waves of the Health, Aging, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study (N = 5,074, M (age) = 63.16; 53.61% female). Multi-level models were conducted and the analyses revealed evidence for continuity as well as systematic changes in within- and between-person associations across the retirement transition. Our findings demonstrate the benefits of applying a longitudinal design and a life span perspective on basic psychological need satisfaction. 相似文献
140.
该研究以城市移民子女作为研究对象,主要探讨社会支持对城市移民子女生活满意度的影响及预测作用,以及学校适应在社会支持与生活满意度之间的作用机制。研究结果表明:1)社会支持、学校适应与城市移民子女的生活满意度均呈显著相关,社会支持对城市移民子女生活满意度具有显著的正向预测作用。2)学校适应在社会支持影响城市移民子女生活满意度中起部分中介作用,即社会支持可以直接影响生活满意度,也可以通过学校适应间接影响生活满意度。但社会支持对生活满意度的直接影响是最主要的影响路径。. 相似文献