领导-成员交换理论的研究及发展趋势

领导 -成员交换理论 (leader memberexchange,LMX)是近年来一个重要的领导理论。本文对LMX的理论发展过程作了较为全面的回顾 ,总结了LMX在组织层面中的研究现状 ,包括LMX与组织绩效、组织公平、组织支持和员工满意感之间的相互关系 ,并进一步探讨了LMX在组织研究中的发展新趋势。     

组织内领导越轨行为研究：概念、诱因与结果

领导越轨行为是指领导者在工作场所中故意违反重要的组织规范的行为。通过整合分析组织内越轨行为和领导行为两个领域的相关研究发现, 领导越轨行为的诱因大致包括个体因素(个性特征、个体知觉和人口学变量)和情境因素(组织文化、工作特征和人际影响)两类, 并且主要通过社会比较、社会心理和社会交换三条路径进一步影响下属的工作绩效。未来研究应从行为客体(组织-人际)和行为动机(利己-利他)两个角度对领导越轨行为的内涵进行纵深拓展, 并进一步考察不同诱因的交互影响以及领导越轨行为的作用机制。     

魅力型领导与下属工作投入：双维认同构念的中介机制

本研究旨在探讨组织认同和领导认同在魅力型领导对下属工作投入的影响过程中的中介机制。全文以魅力型领导和认同感理论为基础,以来自国内多家企业的252名员工为样本进行数据分析,结果发现下属的组织认同和领导认同作为认同感的双维构念在魅力型领导对下属工作投入的影响过程中具有中介作用。其中,组织认同在此过程中具有部分中介作用,而领导认同则发挥完全中介作用,而且组织认同和领导认同在此过程中同时存在,互不排斥。     

谦逊领导的影响机制和效应:一个人际关系视角

谦逊是中华民族的传统美德,然而,现代社会的激烈竞争使得谦逊的有效性受到质疑。传统与现代观点的矛盾使得组织领导对是否表现谦逊以及如何表现谦逊产生疑问。本文基于人际关系视角,探究谦逊领导对员工组织公民行为的影响效应,以及在这个过程中下属归因的领导谦逊动机的作用。采用两阶段295份领导下属配对问卷调查,结果表明在控制了领导成员交换关系之后,谦逊领导通过提高与下属的关系亲近性促进下属的组织公民行为(建言和帮助行为)。同时,当下属归因的领导谦逊印象管理动机高时,谦逊领导的积极作用会被削弱。本文之后讨论了研究贡献以及未来的研究方向。     

Appropriate Spiritual Care by Physicians: A Theological Perspective

It is argued that when spiritual care by physicians is linked to the empirical research indicating the salutary effect on health of religious beliefs and practices an unintended degradation of religion is involved. It is contended that it is much more desirable to see support for the patient’s spirituality as part of holistic care. A proposal for appropriate spiritual care by physicians is offered.

Models of Psychotherapy: Implications for Pastoral Care Practice

Pastoral care givers are called to provide care and counseling to parishioners that are suffering in many ways. A core question is what does a pastor rely on to provide this care? Pastors usually call on models of psychotherapy to inform their care giving. A framework of theological anthropology, cosmology, soteriology and harmatiology is developed for analyzing the worldviews inherent in models of psychotherapy. The specific models of Adler’s Individual Psychology, Narrative therapy, Horney’s personality theory, and Intersubjective theory are used to demonstrate the application of this framework. Several pastoral care implications are developed following the application of the framework.     

Pastoral Burnout and the Impact of Personal Spiritual Renewal,Rest-taking,and Support System Practices

Pastors risk burnout because of inordinate ministerial demands, which may drain their emotional, cognitive, spiritual, and physical energy reserves and impair their overall effectiveness. Burnout advances across three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment. The debilitating effects of pastoral burnout were examined through a survey of 270 pastors. Relationships between burnout and three potentially preventative or mitigating factors, spiritual renewal, rest-taking, and support system practices, were explored. The results identified spiritual dryness as the primary predictor of emotional exhaustion, the stress dimension of burnout. In the published literature, no other work to date has empirically substantiated a link between pastors’ spirituality and burnout. These findings expand the burnout construct and promote leader self-care practices that foster resilience, vitality, and well-being.     

Transformational Leadership and Pastoral Leader Effectiveness

In this study multiple variables as they relate to pastoral leader effectiveness were examined. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (FFI), and Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS) were used to measure the leadership styles, personality, and spirituality of 93 pastors and assess which variable predicted pastoral leadership effectiveness. The results indicated that transformational leadership style showed significant correlations with pastoral leader effectiveness; only one dimension of the MLQ’s transformational leadership scale (individual consideration) was a significant predictor of pastoral leader effectiveness. Other limited findings suggest that personality and spirituality also contributed to pastoral leadership effectiveness.     

Sins of the American Empire and Pastoral Responses

This article describes attributes of the American Empire and addresses characteristic sins—pride, sloth, greed, and idolatry—that are necessary for maintaining the domestic and foreign policies aimed toward expanding the economic and military power of the United States. In particular, I claim that theo-political narratives and rituals extant in U.S. culture are internalized, structuring our collective psyches and shaping both our wills and actions. Pride, sloth, greed, and idolatry signify the distortion of will, giving rise to actions that result in harm and alienation. To address this reality, several pastoral strategies are depicted.

情绪调节对工作倦怠的影响作用分析

情绪调节是工作倦怠的一个重要预测变量。实证研究表明, 压抑负面情绪和采用表面表演策略是情绪调节导致工作倦怠的主要原因; 而情绪智力、工作自主等个体因素和组织因素对于情绪调节与工作倦怠的关系具有重要的调节效应。情绪调节对工作倦怠作用机制的理论解释包括面部表情理论、资源保存理论和情绪的社会功能。在此基础上建立了综合的理论模型来分析情绪调节对工作倦怠的作用机制, 提出应该深入探讨组织支持、领导行为和情感文化的调节效应, 并从人力资源管理实践的角度采取预防与干预措施。