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131.
《The journal of positive psychology》2013,8(1):3-16
A survey study and two experiments were done to test the hypothesis that social flow is more enjoyable than solitary flow. In the survey study it was found that recalled social flow experiences were rated more enjoyable than solitary flow experiences. In the first experiment when challenge and skill were the same across social and solitary conditions, social flow was reported to be more enjoyable than solitary flow. In the second experiment when the level of social interdependence was manipulated it was found that participants in highly interdependent teams reported more joy in flow than individuals performing less interdependently. In both experiments, people playing simple paddleball games reported and expressed more joy performing with others than alone. Taken together, the three investigations support the conclusion that doing it together is better than doing it alone. Solitary flow, while quite enjoyable, is not as enjoyable as social flow. 相似文献
132.
《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(7):1265-1276
An interlimb practice paradigm was designed to determine the role that visual–spatial (Cartesian) and motor (joint angles, activation patterns) coordinates play in the coding and learning of complex movement sequences. Participants practised a 16-element movement sequence by moving a lever to sequentially presented targets with one limb on Day 1 and the contralateral limb on Day 2. Practice involved the same sequence with either the same visual–spatial or motor coordinates on the two days. A unilateral practice condition (control) was also tested where both coordinate systems were changed but the same limb was used. Retention tests were conducted on Day 3. Regardless of the order in which the limbs were used during practice, results indicated that keeping the visual–spatial coordinates the same during acquisition resulted in superior retention. This provides strong evidence that the visual–spatial code plays a dominant role in complex movement sequences, and this code is represented in an effector-independent manner. 相似文献
133.
Cornelia Kranczioch Jeremy D. Thorne 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2013,9(3):130-142
Presenting two targets in a rapid visual stream will frequently result in the
second target (T2) being missed when presented shortly after the first target
(T1). This so-called attentional blink (AB) phenomenon can be
reduced by various experimental manipulations. This study investigated the
effect of combining T2 with a non-specific sound, played either simultaneously
with T2 or preceding T2 by a fixed latency. The reliability of the observed
effects and their correlation with potential predictors were studied. The tone
significantly improved T2 identification rates regardless of tone condition and
of the delay between targets, suggesting that the crossmodal facilitation of T2
identification is not limited to visual-perceptual enhancement. For the
simultaneous condition, an additional time-on-task effect was observed in form
of a reduction of the AB that occurred within an experimental session. Thus,
audition-driven enhancement of visual perception may need some time for its full
potential to evolve. Split-half and test-retest reliability were found
consistently only for a condition without additional sound. AB magnitude
obtained in this condition was related to AB magnitudes obtained in both sound
conditions. Self-reported distractibility and performance in tests of divided
attention and of cognitive flexibility correlated with the AB magnitudes of a
subset but never all conditions under study. Reliability and correlation results
suggest that not only dispositional abilities but also state factors exert an
influence on AB magnitude. These findings extend earlier work on audition-driven
enhancement of target identification in the AB and on the reliability and
behavioural correlates of the AB. 相似文献
134.
135.
提取练习比建构概念图更有利于记忆保持和迁移的研究结果尚存在争议。依据认知负荷的3个成分,设计两个实验探究前期知识水平与策略复杂性对以上两种学习策略有效性的影响。结果表明:(1)前期知识水平的主效应不显著,但是与学习策略之间存在交互作用:在提取练习策略条件下,高前期知识水平的被试与低前期知识水平的被试在记忆保持和迁移上的正确率没有显著差异,但是在建构概念图策略条件下,高前期知识水平的被试在记忆保持和迁移上的正确率显著地高于低前期知识水平的被试;(2)当降低概念图的难度后,被试使用建构部分概念图策略产生的认知负荷与使用提取练习策略相比显著降低,并且其在学习阶段学习到的知识量显著地高于使用提取练习策略的结果,但是在最终测试上,其记忆保持与迁移的正确率与使用提取练习策略并没有显著差异,策略的复杂性增加了学习者的额外负荷,但是对策略有效性的发挥却不具有决定性影响。以上结果说明提取练习策略之所以比建构概念图策略更具优势,不是因为其策略本身更易掌握,而是因为其与建构概念图策略相比不受学习者前期知识水平的影响。这意味着认知负荷理论可以很好地解释提取练习在记忆保持与迁移中产生优势效应的内部机制,并进一步证实提取练习与精细编码不同,具有独特的加工机制。 相似文献
136.
Susan Presby Kodish 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2002,20(3-4):235-246
Managed care has led some psychotherapists to seek alternative modes of practice. Personal coaching provides one such approach. To what extent might an REBT practitioner already be “coaching”? How can REBT be meshed with personal coaching? What advantages and problems might ensue? What training is involved? These questions are answered based on the experiences of the author in shifting her work to what she calls Rational Emotive Behavior Coaching. 相似文献
137.
Christina Hatgis Michael E. Addis Aaron D. Krasnow Inna Zaslavsky Khazan Karen L. Jacob Sandra Chiancola Dawn Dubois Alice Litter Peter Moran Jeffrey Scherz 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》2002,10(1):37
Psychotherapy researchers are increasingly engaged in collaborations with clinical practitioners and mental health administrators. Each party brings its own perspectives, values, and agendas to bear in these encounters. Viable research—practice collaborations depend on understanding and negotiating some of the tensions in these relationships. In this article, we discuss the contexts that prevail for various participants in a psychotherapy dissemination study as well as the values, goals, costs, and benefits related to research participation. This article is a collaboration among the researchers, mental health administrators, therapists, and clients involved in an ongoing treatment dissemination study. Our recommendations for research—practice collaborations are based on our experiences and dialogues over the course of this study. 相似文献
138.
临床思维学的教学实践与理论探索 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
思维是人类理性活动的基本方式,思维能力是最具人类特色的能力,临床思维能力的培养是一个非常重要、然而又常为人们所忽视的问题,主要介绍临床思维学的课程设置、主要内容、教学目的和教学效果,通过对教学实践的阶段性总结,对理论体系进行初步的探索,以推动临床思维学的普及和发展,提高临床诊断治疗水平。 相似文献
139.
Robin L. Bennett Barbara J. Pettersen Kristin B. Niendorf Rebecca Rae Anderson 《Journal of genetic counseling》2003,12(4):287-295
The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) supports the development of practice recommendations (guidelines) in the field of genetic counseling. This paper reviews the basic components of NSGC genetic counseling practice recommendations as well as the process for formal adoption of such documents, as approved by the Board of Directors of the NSGC. 相似文献
140.